Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
Nurs 251
Institution
Nurs 251
Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 Questions and Correct Answers
Two factors that determine a person's blood pressure - ANS Cardiac Output and Systemic Vascular Resistance
Cardiac output - ANS amount of blood ejected from the heart's left ventricle in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
SVR...
Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 Questions and
Correct Answers
Two factors that determine a person's blood pressure - ANS Cardiac Output and
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Cardiac output - ANS amount of blood ejected from the heart's left ventricle in one
minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
A
SVR (systemic vascular resistance) - ANS amount of resistance to blood flow
VI
Contributing factors to a patient's blood pressure - ANS Cardiac Factors: heart rate,
contractibility
TU
Circulating Volume: salt, alaosterone, hormones, and peripheral sympathetic receptors
Hypertension Classification - ANS Normotensive = <120/80
Prehypertensive = 120-139/80-89
IS
Hypertensive = >140/90
Stage 1 = 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 = >160/100
OM
How to take blood pressure - ANS The instrument used is called a
sphygmomanometer. The health care provider uses a blood pressure cuff to cut off the
blood flow from the brachial artery. As they release the pressure in the cuff, using a
stethoscope, they are listening for the first sound, called the Korotkoff sound, meaning
NA
there is no longer enough pressure to keep all the blood from flowing. This is the top
number or systolic value of the patient's blood pressure. The provider continues to let air
out of the cuff and eventually the sounds disappear, representing that the brachial artery
is now completely open. This is known as the diastolic value or bottom number in a
JP
patient's blood pressure.
Differentiate essential hypertension and secondary hypertension - ANS -Essential
hypertension (primary hypertension): cause of the increased blood pressure is
unknown.
-Secondary hypertension: elevated blood pressure is caused by another disease.
peripheral resistance - ANS resistance generated by the flow of blood through the
arteries. When this happens, the kidney releases an enzyme called renin.
, Renin enzyme - ANS leads to further vasoconstriction, water and sodium retention,
and an increase in blood pressure
What happens to the peripheral resistance during high blood pressure - ANS there is
an increased peripheral resistance which decreases blood supply to the kidney.
Antihypertensive therapy - ANS -goal is to decrease morbidity and mortality without
decreasing quality of life
A
Antihypertensive therapy should be started in patients - ANS · 60+ if their blood
pressure >150/90mm/Hg.
VI
· 59- or those with chronic kidney disease or diabetes used when the blood pressure
>140/90mm/Hg.
TU
The four first line antihypertensives - ANS -Thiazide diuretics
-ACE-Inhibitors
-ARBs
-CCBs
IS
Thiazide Diuretics (mechanism of action & example) - ANS - known as a low sodium
diet
OM
- decreases plasma and extracellular fluid volumes which decreases preload and leads
to a decrease in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance.
- Hydrochlorothiazide
ACE Inhibitors (mechanism of action & example) - ANS - Prevent angiotensin I from
NA
being converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. It also
stimulates the reabsorption of water and sodium into the body. Both of these actions
raise blood pressure. Therefore, by blocking, blood pressure is reduced.
- Lisinopril (Prinivil)
JP
ARBs (mechanism of action & example) - ANS - Block the binding of Angiotensin II to
type 1 Angiotensin II receptors. This blocks vasoconstriction and the secretion of
aldosterone. Aldosterone causes sodium and water to be reabsorbed into the body,
which can raise BP. Therefore, by blocking this receptor, blood pressure is reduced.
- Losartan (Cozzar)
CCBs (mechanism of action & example) - ANS - Blocks Calcium from binding to
receptors which causes smooth muscles to relax, thereby preventing contraction
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