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NURS 432 – Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers $10.99   Add to cart

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NURS 432 – Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers

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  • NUR 432

Epidemiology the study of health-related trends in populations for the purpose of disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection -used to monitor disease trends Epidemiological triangle -involves the study of the relationships among an agent, host, and environment -their interaction...

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 26
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NUR 432
  • NUR 432
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NURS 432 – Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
Epidemiology ✅the study of health-related trends in populations for the purpose of
disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection
-used to monitor disease trends

Epidemiological triangle ✅-involves the study of the relationships among an agent,
host, and environment
-their interaction determines the development and cessation of communicable diseases,
as they form a web of causality, which increases or decreases the risk for disease

Epidemic ✅occurs when the rate of disease exceeds the usual (endemic) level of the
condition in a defined population


-one case of smallpox would indicate an epidemic

Agent ✅the physical, infectious, or chemical factor that causes the disease

Host ✅the living being that an agent or the environment influences

Environment ✅the setting or surrounding that sustains the host

Attack rate ✅number of people exposed to a specific agent who develop the disease ÷
total number of people exposed

*has highest number!!

Pandemic ✅condition occurs when an epidemic occurs in multiple countries or
continents
*occurs worldwide

example:
-COVID-19

Who determines immunization requirements for schools? ✅the state!!

Endemic ✅occurs at a consistent, expected level

example:
-flu

,-STDs
-TB

Social determinants of health (SDOH) ✅factors within a community or defined location
that affect individual health-divided into five categories:
-neighborhood and built environment
-social and community context
-economic stability
-health and healthcare
-education

*income most important!!

Communicable diseases ✅the degree to which an organism is able to cause disease
is referred to as the virulence, or degree of communicability
-leading causes of communicable disease deaths include acute respiratory infections
(including pneumonia and influenza), HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, TB, malaria, and
measles

-other diseases that pose a serious significant threat to community health include viral
hepatitis and STIs

Populations at risk for communicable diseases ✅-young children
-older adults
-immunosuppressed clients
-clients who have a high
-risk lifestyle
-international travelers
-healthcare workers

Windshield survey ✅descriptive approach that assesses several community
components by driving through a community

strengths:
-provides a descriptive overview of a community

limitations:
-need for a driver so the nurse can visualize and document the community elements
-can be time-consuming
-results based only on visualization and does not include input from community
members

Health literacy ✅nurses should consider literacy needs when developing interventions
-an individual's ability to understand basic health information and make decisions, or
health literacy, can affect the ability or desire to take action

, A nurse should determine that a patient has issues with health literacy when stating
what? ✅I don't like reading

Ethical principles in nursing ✅-autonomy
-nonmaleficence
-beneficence
-distributive justice

Autonomy ✅individuals select actions that fulfill their goals
-respecting a client's right to self-determination

ex.) client is making a decision to not pursue chemotherapy

Nonmaleficence ✅no harm is done when applying standards of care

ex.) developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring and evaluating
outcomes

Beneficence ✅-maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms

ex.) assessing costs, risks, and benefits when planning interventions

Distributive justice ✅fair distribution of the benefits and burden in society is based on
the needs and contributions of it's member

ex.) determine eligibility for health care services based on income and fiscal resources

Fidelity ✅faithfulness; loyalty

*keeping promises

Veracity ✅truthfulness, honesty
*telling the truth

Child abuse interventions ✅-nurses are mandatory reporters!!
-report on suspicion, not proof
-report to child protective services (CPS)

-should be the first thing the nurse does!

Factors that can threaten health ✅*low income
-difficulty assessing health care
-poor self-esteem
-young/old
-chronic stress

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