Marie Rollet Hebert - ANSWER-Respected aboriginal people for their knowledge
and health practices (home remedies)
Jeanne Mance - ANSWER-Founded Hotel Dieu de Ville in Montreal; Founded first
hospital, CNA gives an award in her honor
Marguerite d'Youville - ANSWER-Founder of Sisters of Charity of Montreal, which
later became known as the Grey Nuns
Florence Nightingale - ANSWER-Founder of modern nursing; Proved that a clean
environment led to reduced disease and wound infection
Mary Agnes Snively - ANSWER-First nursing superintendent of Toronto General
Hospital School of Nursing, recognized nursing as a unique profession
WHO Definition of Health - ANSWER-a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
3 Historical Approaches to Health - ANSWER-Medical, Behavioral and Soci-
Environmental
Medical Approach - ANSWER-Focuses on treatment of disease; fixing the
problem
Behavioral Approach - ANSWER-Promoted individual responsibility for health
Socio-Environmental - ANSWER-Combination of medical and behavioral
approach; health is tied to the social structure (poverty, air pollution)
, Nursing Theory - ANSWER-Set of ideas used to describe, explain or predict the
physical and social worlds
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-Physiological, Safety, Belonging/Love,
Self Esteem and Self Actualization
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development - ANSWER-Trust vs Mistrust
(birth-1), Autonomy vs Sense of Shame and Doubt (1-3), Initiative vs Guilt (3-6),
Industry vs Inferiority (6-11), Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18), Intimacy vs
Isolation (18-35), Generativity vs Self Absorption and Stagnation (35-65), Integrity
vs Despair (65 and over)
Inductive Reasoning - ANSWER-Leads to broad ideas
Deductive Reasoning - ANSWER-Leads to specific ideas
Critical Thinking - ANSWER-Combination of skills and dispositions to maximize
one's ability to purposely reflect and think deeply
Basic Critical Thinking - ANSWER-Trusting the experts; step by step
Complex Critical Thinking - ANSWER-Seeing complex alternatives or alternative
solutions; able to anticipate and weight risks and benefits
Evidence Informed Practice - ANSWER-Decisions about practice should include
the best available evidence from clinical research, patient preferences, expert
opinion, resource availability and contextual information
Holistic Care - ANSWER-Focuses on the physical, mental and social well-being
(person as a whole)
Metaparadigm - ANSWER-A set of concepts or ideas that are important to the
discipline of nursing
What are the core concepts of metaparadigm? - ANSWER-Person, Health,
Nursing, Environment and Social Justice
Ethics - ANSWER-Moral-ethical reasoning in nursing
Personal Knowing - ANSWER-Knowledge from personal experiences
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