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Test Bank For Foundations of Mental
Health Care8th Edition by Morrison-
Valfre ;complete study guide.

,Chapter /01: /The /History /of /Mental /Health /Care
MULTIPLE /CHOICE

1. The /belief /of /the /ancient / Greek /philosopher /Plato /that /the /rational
/soul /controlled /the /irrational /soulcould /be /compared /with /the /belief
/of/the /more /recent / psychological /theorist:
a. Freud.
b. Pinel.
c. Fisher.
d. Rush.
ANS: / A
Sigmund /Freud /believed /that /mental /illness /was, /in /part, /caused /by /forces /both /within /and /outside
/the /personality. /Philippe /Pinel /advocated /acceptance /of /mentally /ill /individuals /as /human /beings /in
/need /of/medical /assistance. /Alice /Fisher /was /a /Florence /Nightingale /nurse /who /cared /for /the
/mentally /ill, /and /Dr. / Benjamin /Rush /was /the /author /of /the /book /Diseases /of / the /Mind.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Comprehension OBJ: / 2
TOP: / Early /Years /of /Mental /Health KEY: /Nursing /Process /Step:
/Assessment/MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity


2. During /the /mid-1500s, /behaviors /associated /with /mental /illness /were /more /accurately /recorded
/by/professionals. /This /practice /led /to _ /for /different /abnormal /behaviors.
a. classifications
b. diagnosing
c. treatment
d. education
ANS: / A
Classification /of /abnormal /behaviors /did /not /begin /until /this /time, /after /the /practice /of /more
/accurate/recording /of /behaviors /was /begun. /Diagnoses, /treatment /guidelines, /and /any /education
/regarding /mental /health /disorders / were /not /available /during /this /period.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Knowledge OBJ:
/3/TOP: / Mental /Illness /During /the /Renaissance
KEY: / Nursing /Process /Step: /Assessment MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity

,3. During /the /latter /part /of /the /18th /century, /psychiatry /became /a /separate /branch /of /medicine,
/and/inhumane /treatment / was /greatly /diminished /by /the / French /hospital /director:
a. Dix.
b. Beers.
c. Pinel.
d. Carter.
ANS: / C
Philippe /Pinel /advocated /acceptance /of /the /mentally /ill, /as /well /as /proper /treatment. /Dorothea
/Dix/crusaded /for /construction /of /mental /health /hospitals. /Clifford /Beers /wrote /the /book /A /Mind
/That /Found /Itself. /President /Jimmy /Carter /established /the /President‘s /Commission /on /Mental
/Health /in/1978.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Knowledge OBJ: / 4
TOP: / Mental /Illness /in /the /18th /Century KEY: /Nursing /Process /Step:
/Assessment/MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity


4. In /1841, surveyed /asylums, /jails, /and /almshouses /throughout /the /United /States,
/Canada, /and /Scotland /and /is /credited /with /bringing /about /public /awareness /and /reform /for /the
/care /of/the /mentally /ill.
a. Sigmund /Freud
b. John /Cade
c. Florence /Nightingale
d. Dorothea /Dix
ANS: / D
Dorothea /Dix /spent /20 /years /surveying /facilities /that /housed /mentally /ill /individuals /and /is
/credited/with /major /changes /in /the /care /of /the /mentally /ill. /Sigmund /Freud /introduced /the /concept
/of /psychoanalysis, /John /Cade /discovered /lithium /carbonate /for /the /treatment /of /bipolar /disorder,
/and /Florence /Nightingale /trained / nurses /in /England / in /the /1800s.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Knowledge OBJ: / 4
TOP: / Mental /Illness /in /the /19th /Century KEY: /Nursing /Process /Step:
/Assessment/MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity


5. As /a /direct /result /of /Clifford /Beers‘ /work /and /book, /A /Mind /That /Found /Itself, /the
/Committee /for/Mental /Hygiene /was / formed / in /1909 /with /a / focus /on /prevention /of /mental
/illness /and:
a. early /detection /of /symptoms /of /mental /illness.
b. education /of /caregivers.
c. current /treatment /options.
d. removing /the /stigma /attached /to /mental /illness.
ANS: / D
Clifford /Beers‘ /book /reflected /on /his /attempt /at /suicide /followed /by /the /deplorable /care /he /received
/for/the /next /3 /years /in /mental /hospitals. /Beers‘ /work /and /book /raised /the /consciousness /of /people
/throughout /the /country /regarding /prevention /and /removal /of /the /stigma /of /having /a / mental /illness.
Early /detection /of /symptoms, /education /of /caregivers, /and /current /treatment /options /regarding
/mental/illness /were /not /the /focus /of /his /book, /nor /were /they /a /priority /for /the /Committee /for /Mental
/Hygiene.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Knowledge OBJ: / 4

, TOP: / Mental /Illness /in /the /20th /Century KEY: /Nursing /Process /Step:
/Assessment/MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity


6. During /the /1930s, /what /common /treatment /for /schizophrenia /caused /clients /to /fall /into /a /coma
/that/could / last / as /long /as /50 /hours?
a. Electroconvulsive /therapy
b. Insulin /therapy
c. Humoral /therapy
d. Amphetamine /therapy
ANS: / B
Insulin /therapy /was /believed /to /successfully /treat /schizophrenia /in /the /early /1900s. /Amphetamines
/were /used /to /treat /depression, /and /electroconvulsive /therapy /was /used /for /severe /depression.
/Humoral/therapy, /which /originated /in /ancient /Greece /and /Rome, /was /a /belief /that /mental /illness
/resulted /from /an /imbalance /of /the /humors /of /air, / fire, /water, / and / earth.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Knowledge OBJ: / 5
/TOP: / Influences / of /War /on /Mental /Health
/Therapies
KEY: / Nursing /Process /Step: /Assessment MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity

7. In /the /1930s, /what /mental /health /disorder /was /electroconvulsive /therapy /(ECT) /most /often /used
/to/treat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolar /disorder
c. Severe /depression
d. Violent /behavior
ANS: / C
ECT /was /found /to /be /an /effective /treatment /for /severe /depression /in /the /1930s. /During /this /period,
/schizophrenia /was /treated /with /insulin /therapy, /and /violent /behavior /was /treated /with /a /lobotomy.
/In/1949, / lithium /carbonate /was /discovered /as /a /treatment / for /bipolar / disorder.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Knowledge OBJ: / 5
/TOP: / Influences / of /War /on /Mental /Health
/Therapies
KEY: / Nursing /Process /Step: /Assessment MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity

8. In /the /early /20th /century, /a /frontal /lobotomy /was /a /common /treatment /for /violent /behaviors.
/Which/description /of /this /procedure /is /accurate?
a. A /procedure /that /delivers /an /electrical /stimulus /to /the /frontal /lobes /of /the /brain.
b. A /surgical /procedure /that /drills /holes /in /the /front /of /the /skull /to /drain /fluid.
c. A /surgical /procedure /that / severs /the /frontal /lobes /of /the /brain /from /the
/thalamus.
d. A /surgical /procedure /that / inserts /implants /into /the /frontal /lobes /of /the /brain.

ANS: / C
A /frontal /lobotomy /is /a /surgical /procedure /in /which /the /frontal /lobes /of /the /brain /are /severed
/from /the/thalamus.


DIF: Cognitive /Level: /Knowledge OBJ: / 5
/TOP: / Influences / of /War /on /Mental /Health
/Therapies
KEY: / Nursing /Process /Step: /Assessment MSC: / Client /Needs: /Psychosocial /Integrity

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