©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/21/2024 1:28 PM
PRAXIS: General Science Content
Knowledge 5435 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Diaphragm - answer✔✔Part of the compound microscope used to regulate the amount of light
being transmitted through the specimen on the slide.
1 milligram - answer✔✔1 x 10 -3 grams
Kepler - answer✔✔His greatest contribution to science was that he described the orbits of the
planets as ellipses.
Newton - answer✔✔Used the 3 laws of planetary motion to establish universal gravitation.
Mendel's Law of Independent assortment - answer✔✔In a dihybrid cross, alleles for different
traits separate and are inherited independently of each other, resulting in a phenotype of 9:3:3:1.
Which of Mendel's laws does this illustrate?
Seven (7) is a neutral pH value. The pH scale goes from one (1) to 14. A value of one (1) is
extremely acidic, and a value of 14 is extremely basic. - answer✔✔The pH of distilled water
should have what value?
Uniformitarianism - answer✔✔States that the same processes that operate today have operated
over long periods with steady incremental change to shape the geology of our planet. Plate
tectonics is an example of one of those processes.
This theory states that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from
the action of continuous and uniform processes.
Metabolic Rate - answer✔✔In endotherms, this can change based on age, sex, size, activity
level, time of day, among other factors. Most terrestrial animals have a ______ that is 2 to 4
times their body mass index.
catalyst - answer✔✔Adding a _______ to a reaction in equilibrium does not disturb the
equilibrium point.
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catalyst - answer✔✔A ________ speeds up the rate at which a reaction reaches dynamic
equilibrium and is added to a reaction primarily as a way to increase reaction rate. No changes in
the products will occur.
catalyst, pressure - answer✔✔A reaction A(g) + B(g) → 2C(g) is in equilibrium at a certain
temperature. The amount of products cannot be increased by adding a _______ or by increasing
______.
B. - answer✔✔A(s) + B(g) → C(aq) + heat
For this reaction all of the following will affect the quantities of reactants and products at
equilibrium in a closed vessel EXCEPT:
A. an increase in the volume of reaction vessel
B. addition of a catalyst
C. increase in pressure
D. increase in temperature
negative, because heat is leaving the system - answer✔✔Is heat evolved a negative or positive
number?
q (heat evolved) - answer✔✔m (mass) x S (specific heat of water) x ΔT (rise in temp)=
velocity - answer✔✔s/t (displacement /time)
zero - answer✔✔If a body goes from A to B and returns from B to A, the total displacement is
______. Hence, the average velocity is 0 km/h.
Disconformity - answer✔✔The surface division between parallel rock strata, indicating
interruption of sedimentation.
Liver - answer✔✔Responsible for detoxification, plasma protein synthesis, and the
decomposition of red blood cells.
Esophagus, peristalsis - answer✔✔The walls of the ________ are composed of muscles, which
move in wave-like contractions to push food into the stomach. These wave-like contractions are
called ________.
Small Intestine - answer✔✔Its job is to absorb most of the nutrients from what we eat and drink.
Velvety tissue lines the ________, which is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Dewpoint - answer✔✔The amount of moisture of the air. The _____ has to cool at a stable
pressure in order to saturate.
Acid - answer✔✔A compound in which one or more H+ ions are bonded to a negative ion
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Permeation Rate - answer✔✔Rate at which the test chemical passes through the glove material
once breakthrough has occurred and equilibrium is reached. _______ involves absorption of the
chemical on the surface of the glove, diffusion through the glove, and desorption of the chemical
on the inside of the glove.
Bronsten-Lowry Acid and Base - answer✔✔this type of acid is any species capable of donating a
proton; and this base is any species capable of accepting a proton.
Basaltic - answer✔✔________ magma has very low viscosity. It flows freely because it has low
silica content.
Arrhenius - answer✔✔these types of acid-base reactions are characterized by acids, which
dissociate in aqueous solution to form hydrogen ions (H+) and bases, which form hydroxide
(OH−) ions.
Andesitic - answer✔✔_________ magma is found in oceanic crust and sediment. It is 50 - 60 %
silica, so it has intermediate viscosity.
Feldspar - answer✔✔Magma often contains _______ ; the amount of it doesn't affect the
viscosity as much as the silica content does.
rhyolitic magma - answer✔✔This type of magma has the same composition as granite - more
than 60% silica. It occurs when molten material rises and mixes with the continental crust above
it which would be rich in silica and water. Because of its high viscosity, eruptions can be
explosive.
∂ρ/∂t+ ∇•(ρu)=0 - answer✔✔What is the differential form of the continuity equation? Assume ρ
is fluid density, t is time, and u is fluid velocity.
Continuity Equation - answer✔✔A mathematical statement that, in any steady state process, the
rate at which mass enters a system is equal to the rate at which mass leaves the system. Area x
velocity = constant.
Flow Rate - answer✔✔Area (a) x Velocity (v)=
facilitated diffusion - answer✔✔Cell membranes can block the path of hydrophilic things like
ions and charged molecules, so they need to go through channels, similar to the doors in the
theater. Once the channel (or door) is open, the ions just flow through by themselves with no
extra help in the form of pumping action. This channel-opening process is called ____________
because ions and charged molecules need to be helped across the membrane by channels.
Rate of diffusion - answer✔✔Since ions and charged molecules need to go through channels,
their ____________ can only get so high.
The primary structure - answer✔✔The sequence of amino acids in proteins
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The secondary structure - answer✔✔The local folding and coiling of a protein
The tertiary structure - answer✔✔The overall 3-D shape of a protein
The expression for the magnitude of the magnetic field - answer✔✔μ0I/2πr μ=4π x 10-7
metallic - answer✔✔The presence of ________ bonding accounts for strength, malleability,
thermal and electrical conductivity, ductility, luster and opacity.
magnetism - answer✔✔Arises as a result of the orbital angular motion of the electrons in certain
metals.
Bone - answer✔✔A mineralized connective tissue that is formed by osteoblasts. The osteoblasts
deposit a matrix of collagen, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions.
Equation for the ideal gas law - answer✔✔PV=nRT, where P=absolute pressure, V=absolute
volume, T=absolute temperature, R is the universal gas constant (8.3145J/mol Kelvin),
n=number of moles
increases - answer✔✔Move left across period and down the group: __________ metallic
character (heading towards alkali and alkaline metals)
decreases - answer✔✔Move right across period and up the group: _________ metallic character
(heading towards nonmetals like noble gases)
metallic character - answer✔✔As the size increases, ionization energy (IE) decreases and hence
the _______ __________ increases.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics - answer✔✔If two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal
equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
What theories is Albert Einstein famous for? - answer✔✔Theory of relativity, The Photoelectric
Effect, The Theory of Density Fluctuation in Gases and Liquids.
fermentation - answer✔✔In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs, which is called
__________
Disconformity - answer✔✔an unconformity between parallel layers of sedimentary rocks which
represents a period of erosion or non-deposition.
Nonconformity - answer✔✔an unconformity that exists between sedimentary rocks and
metamorphic or igneous rocks when the sedimentary rock lies above and was deposited on the
pre-existing and eroded metamorphic or igneous rock.
angular unconformity - answer✔✔an unconformity where horizontally parallel strata of
sedimentary rock are deposited on tilted and eroded layers, producing an angular discordance
with the overlying horizontal layers.
