BIOL 1201 Biology for Science Majors I Chapter 1-9 Outline LiCata Louisiana State University
Chapter 1 Outline: Themes in the Study of Life
Chapter 2 Outline: Chemistry of Life
Chapter 3 Outline: Water, the Biological Solvent
Chapter 4 Outline............TO chapter 9
BIOL 1201 Biology for Science Majors I
Chapter 1-9 Outline LiCata Louisiana State
University
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BIOL 1201 Biology for Science Majors I Chapter 1-9 Outline
LiCata (Louisiana State University
Chapter 1 Outline: Themes in the Study of Life
A. Biology
a. Biology is the scientific study of life
b. Life is recognized by what is done by living organisms
c. In order for something to be living it has to be able to do the following:
i. Order
ii. Energy processing
iii. Reproduction
iv. Evolution – grows and develops
v. Development – able to adapt
vi. Response to the environment – extreme cold vs. extreme heat
B. New Properties Emerge at Each Level in the Biological Hierarchy
a. Emergent properties
i. More than the sum of parts
ii. Characterize nonbiological entities as well;
iii. Example: a functioning bicycle emerges only when all of the
necessary parts connect in the correct way
b. Levels of Biological Organization
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c. Reductionism
i. The reproduction of complex systems to simpler components
that are more manageable to study
ii. Looking at one tiny part of somethig and trying to see how
it works in the context of everything (small things)
iii. Example: studying the molecular structure of DNA to help
understand inheritence
d. Systems Biology
i. Constructs models for the behavior of whole biological systems
– and interactions across/between levels of biological
organization
ii. Looking at the whole thing and trying to figure out how all
things work together (ecosystem, population)
iii. Example: How does a drug for blood pressure affect other organs?
C. Organisms Interact with Other Organisms and the Physical Environment
a. Every organism interacts with its environment, including nonliving
factors and other organisms
D. Life Requires Energy Transfer and Transformation
a. Living organisms use of energy
b. Living organisms transform energy from one form to another –
light energy is converted to chemical energy, then kinetic energy
c. Energy flows through ecosystems, usually entering as light and exiting
as heat
d. 98% of energy came from the sun – chemical energy
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