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Introduction to Linguistics Exam Study Guide.

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©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/22/2024 12:54 PM Introduction to Linguistics Exam Study Guide. Linguistics - answerthe scientific discipline concerned with the study of language symbol - answerrelation between signifier and signified arbitrary, agreement of speech community prescriptivism ...

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  • August 28, 2024
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/22/2024 12:54 PM



Introduction to Linguistics Exam Study
Guide.

Linguistics - answer✔✔the scientific discipline concerned with the study of language

symbol - answer✔✔relation between signifier and signified arbitrary, agreement of speech
community

prescriptivism - answer✔✔The view that there is a right and a wrong way to speak a language
and that there are certain correct forms that should be used

synchrony - answer✔✔the study of languages at a specific point in time

descriptivism - answer✔✔aims to describe the facts of linguistic usage as they are in practice

diachrony - answer✔✔the study of language change over time

langage - answer✔✔general human capacity of speech

langue - answer✔✔non-individual, social, abstract language system

parole - answer✔✔realization of linguistic system in individual speech

semiotics - answer✔✔the study of how meaning is generated and conveyed by the means of
signs

signified - answer✔✔concept

signifier - answer✔✔sound image

signifié - answer✔✔signified, concept

signifiant - answer✔✔signifier, sound image

arbitrariness, conventionality, linearity, reciprocity - answer✔✔the linguistic sign

icon - answer✔✔sign looks like the thing it represents

index - answer✔✔sign indicates something else

conative function - answer✔✔appeal

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/22/2024 12:54 PM

emotive function - answer✔✔communicate feelings

referential function - answer✔✔context/ information

metalinguistic function - answer✔✔to talk about language

poetic function - answer✔✔aesthetic

phatic function - answer✔✔social interaction

syntagmatic relationship - answer✔✔signs occur in sequence or parallel and operate together to
create meaning

paradigmatic relationship - answer✔✔an individual sign may be replaced by another

Phonetics - answer✔✔study of material aspects of speech and sound

Phonology - answer✔✔study of function of speech sounds as abstract units in a given language
system

phone - answer✔✔actual speech sounds speakers produce

phoneme - answer✔✔smallest meaning-distinguishing sound unit in a language system

International Phonetic Alphabet - answer✔✔IPA

consonant - answer✔✔airstream is partially or fully obstructed by some of the articulators

vowel - answer✔✔produced without any obstruction of the airstream

minimal pair - answer✔✔two words that differ in meaning and one sound only

allophone - answer✔✔realisational variants of a phoneme

complementary distribution allophone - answer✔✔depends on phonetic enviroment, e.g. clear l,
dark l

free variation allophone - answer✔✔allophone depends on extralinguistic factors

suprasegmental phonology - answer✔✔study of sounds in sentences and how they change; also
stress and intonation patterns

syllable - answer✔✔onset and rhyme(neucleus and coda)

morphology - answer✔✔sub-discipline of linguistics concerned with the study of the internal
structure of words and the patterns and principles underlying their composition

morpheme - answer✔✔smallest linguistic unit carrying meaning

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