What makes up the central nervous system? correct answers Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system? correct answers CN and ganglia
Spinal nerves and ganglia
Enteric nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the 5 steps of embryological develop...
What makes up the central nervous system? correct answers Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system? correct answers CN and ganglia
Spinal nerves and ganglia
Enteric nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the 5 steps of embryological development of the nervous system? correct
answers Neurulation
Cell proliferation
Migration and aggregation
Formation of axonal and dendritic processes
Synatopgenesis
What is neurulation? correct answers Formation of the neural crest and neural tube
(1st step of nervous system development)
What is the 2nd step of nervous system development? correct answers Cell
proliferation within the nerual tube
What is the 3rd step of nervous system development? correct answers Migration and
aggregation of cells within definitive locations
What is the 4th step of nervous system development? correct answers Formation and
axonal and dendritic processes
What is synatopgenesis? correct answers Connections between nerve cell to nerve
cells or muscle cells (final step of nervous system development)
On day 14, the embryo undergoes gasturlation and forms the building blocks of our
nervous system. What are the 3 parts to this ? correct answers Ectoderm
,Mesoderm
Endoderm
The entire nervous system is derived from what structure? correct answers Embryonic
ectoderm
What is the embryo called at day 14 of development? day 21? and day 28? correct
answers Gastrula
Notochord
Neural tube
The nerual crest cells form most of what nervous system? correct answers Peripheral
nervous system
What are some deficits or concerns of embryological development of the nervous
system? correct answers Failure of posterior neruopore to close- spina bifida
Failure of anterior neruopore to close- anencephaly
What is anencephaly? correct answers Failure of anterior neruopore to close during
embryological development
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the prosencephalon, that develops
during stage 1; neurulation correct answers Subdivisions: Telencephalon and
Diencephalon
Derivates --> Cavities:
Rhinoencephalon --> Lateral ventrical
Thalmus, hypothalmus, optic nerves, neruophyophysis, pineal gland --> third ventricle
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the mesencephalon, that develops
during stage 1; neurulation correct answers Subdivisions: Mesencephalon
Derivates: Midbrain
Cavities: Cerebral aquaduct
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the rhombencephalon, that
develops during stage 1; neurulation correct answers Subdivisions: Metencephalon and
Myelencephalon
,Derivates: Cerebellum, pons and medula
Cavities: Fourth ventricle
Describe the subdivisions, derivates and cavities of the primitve nerual tube, that
develops during stage 1; neurulation correct answers Subdivisions: Neural crest and
tube
What are the 2 primary flexures that help contain and align the neural tube within the
closed skull correct answers Cephalic flexure (1st to develop)
Cervical flexure (2nd to develop)
What divides the neural tube into a ventral and dorsal half? correct answers Sulcus
limitans
What is the dorsal portion of the neural tube called when the sulcus limitans divides the
tube in half during cell proliferation? correct answers Alar plate
The alar plate is the future site for what tracts? correct answers Sensory neurons and
tracts
What is the ventral portion of the neural tube called when the sulcus limitans divides the
tube in half during cell proliferation? correct answers Basilar plate
(future site for efferent more portion)
What are the 3 layers the neural tube divides into during cell proliferation? correct
answers Ependymal or germinal layer (lining of central canal and ventricles)
Intermediate or mantle layer
(gray matter of spinal cord)
Marginal layer
(white matter)
During stage 3 of nervous system development, cells begin to migrate. What are the 2
types of migration? correct answers Radial migration
Tangenital migration
, Describe the difference between radial and tangential migration correct answers Radial
migration- Occurs from spinal cord through telencephalon. Uses radial glial cells
Tangential migration- Occurs within structures of brainstem. Shorter distances of
neurons are moved later in development
What dfects may occur due to problems with migration of nervous system
development? correct answers Dyslexia
Lissencephaly- lesser intelligence, due to lack of infolding
What happens during stage 4, cell differentiation of nervous system development?
correct answers Formation of axonal and dendritic processes
Development of cranial nerves
What are the 1st cranial nerves to develop during cellular proliferation? correct answers
Swallow and gag nerves:
CN 5, 7, 9, 10 and 12
What are the 2nd cranial nerves to develop during cellular proliferation? correct
answers Visual motor system:
CN 2, 3, 4 and 6
What are the 3rd cranial nerves to develop during cellular proliferation? correct
answers Hearing:
CN 8
What are the 4th cranial nerves to develop during cellular proliferation? correct answers
Olfaction:
CN 1
Describe what 2 processes occur during stage 5 synaptogenesis during nervous system
development? correct answers Correlated with known types of permanent learning
Basis for neural plasticity
Since neurons don't increase after stage 2 of development, what attributes for the
increase in brain size correct answers Addition of axons, dendrites, mylein and
vasculature
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