bacteria
What is 99% of the biomass of the microbiome composed of?
a biofilm
What do bacteria often exist in?
FALSE; it is 99% bacteria, but there are also:
- viruses
- fungi
- protozoa
- archaea
**complex dynamic community in BOTH health and disease (~1000 microorganisms, 700 species ...
What is 99% of the biomass of the microbiome composed of?
a biofilm
What do bacteria often exist in?
FALSE; it is 99% bacteria, but there are also:
- viruses
- fungi
- protozoa
- archaea
**complex dynamic community in BOTH health and disease (~1000 microorganisms, 700 species of
bacteria)
TRUE or FALSE: The oral microbiome is composed only of bacteria.
in disease, you get an increase in the diversity of the bacteria
What visual observation can be made about the difference between a bacterial culture in health versus
in disease?
1. take the sample from the oral cavity
2. disperse, dilute, and plate the sample onto selective or non-selective media
3. pick individual colonizes and grow pure colonies
4. characterize by morphology and biochemical tests
5. classify
How would you culture a sample of bacteria taken from the oral cavity?
- many oral orgs are fastidious (require specific nutrients/conditions to grow; require complex media)
and grow very slowly
,- many are anaerobic (which means that sampling methods AND culturing methods must be
under anaerobic conditions)
- some oral orgs grow physically attached to "helper" orgs and therefore will grow very poorly if alone
(without their helper)
- bias of what we can grow in culture (~40-50%)
What are the challenges of culturing methods for (oral) bacteria?
bacteria that have very specific nutrient needs and require special environmental conditions to grow in;
they show SLOW growth
What are "fastidious" bacteria?
the direct genetic analysis of (entire) genomes contained with an environmental sample.
What is metagenomics?
next generation sequencing
16sRNA is used in which culture-independent molecular method?
16sRNA
What does next generation sequencing use?
DNA: tells you "who is there"
RNA, proteins, metabolites: tell you "what they are doing"
In very vague, general terms, what does DNA tell you about a sample of bacteria in a culture-
independent molecular method? What do RNA, proteins, and metabolic products tell you?
COCCI:
streptococci
RODS:
actinomyces
**also, lactobacillus
What are the 2 important gram-positive bacteria that we should know?
gram-positive
Are streptococci gram-negative or gram-positive?
,gram-positive ROD
Are actinomyces gram-negative or gram-positive?
COCCI:
veillonella
RODS: Ava Finds Paige Playing Tik Tok:
Aggregibacter
Fusobacterium
Porphyromonas
Prevotella
Tannerella
Treponema
What are all the gram-negative bacteria that we should know?
gram-negative COCCI
Are veillonella gram-negative or gram-positive?
gram-negative ROD
Are aggregibacter gram-negative or gram-positive?
gram-negative ROD
Are fusobacterium gram-negative or gram-positive?
gram-negative ROD
Are porphyromonas gram-negative or gram-positive?
gram-negative ROD
Are tannerella gram-negative or gram-positive?
gram-negative ROD
Are prevotella gram-negative or gram-positive?
gram-negative ROD
, Are treponema gram-negative or gram-positive?
- host genetics and age
- indigenous flora and competition
- nutritional relationships
- local environment (temp, pH, oxygen content, abrasive forces, biological fluids like saliva and GCF)
**different oral structures are colonized by distinct microbial communities.
**there are unique niches offered by the teeth, tongue, mucosa, and biological fluids (like saliva and
GCF).
**all surfaces and biofilms are "not equal"
What are the factors influencing bacterial colonization?
gram-NEGATIVE:
- prevotella (rod)
- veillonella (cocci)
Do gram-negative or gram-positive species colonize the top of the tongue (dorsal surface)? What are the
specific bacteria that colonize the dorsal surface?
- prevotella (rod)
- veillonella (cocci)
(both are gram-negative bacteria)
What are the specific bacteria that colonize the dorsal surface?
gram-POSITIVE:
- streptococci (cocci)
Do gram-negative or gram-positive species colonize the bottom of the tongue (ventral surface)? What
are the specific bacteria that colonize the ventral surface?
- streptococci (cocci)
gram-positive
What are the specific bacteria that colonize the ventral surface?
gram-NEGATIVE:
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