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Exam (elaborations)

Absite killer Questions and Answers

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  • ABSITE
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  • ABSITE

What is the source of fever in atelectasis?  :-- Alveolar macrophages What is the first sign of malignant hyperthermia?  :-- Increase in end-tidal CO2 What is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia  :-- Dantrolene What is the first muscle to recover from paralytics?  :-- Diaphr...

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 70
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ABSITE
  • ABSITE
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Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

Absite killer Questions and Answers
What is the source of fever in atelectasis?


 :-- Alveolar macrophages




What is the first sign of malignant hyperthermia?


 :-- Increase in end-tidal CO2




What is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia


 :-- Dantrolene




What is the first muscle to recover from paralytics?


 :-- Diaphragm




What is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol formation?


 :-- HMG coA Reductase




Where is angiotensin I converted into angiotensin II?


 :-- lung




What are the effects of angiotensin II?




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, 2
Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

 :-- Vasoconstriction Increases aldosterone (keeps Na, loses K/H in urine)




Describe the anatomy of the vagus innervation of the stomach


 :-- Left vagus (anterior) gives hepatic branch, Right (posterior) gives celiac branch and

"criminal nerve of Grassi"




Which cells produce pepsinogen?


 :-- Chief cells




Which cells produce intrinsic factor?


 :-- Parietal cells




What are the main stimuli for H+ production in the stomach?


 :-- Acetylcholine, gastrin, and histamine




What is the mechanism of omeprazole?


 :-- Blocks H/K ATPase of parietal cell




What is the most common symptom post-vagotomy?


 :-- Diarrhea (35%)




What is the cause of early (15-30 min) dumping syndrome?


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, 3
Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

 :-- Hyperosmotic load, fluid shift causes neuroendocrine response, peripheral and

splanchnic vasodilation




What is the cause of late (2-3 hrs) dumping syndrome?


 :-- Increased insulin with decreased glucose




What are the 3 actions of CCK?


 :-- 1) contract gallbladder 2) Relax Sphincter of Oddi 3) Increase pancreatic enzyme

secretion




What is the primary stimulus of pancreatic bicarb secretion?


 :-- secretin




What affects the amount of bicarb in pancreatic secretions?


 :-- Flow rate: high flow = high bicarb, low Cl. Slow flow allows more HCO3/Cl

exchange




Describe the phases of the migratory motor complex


 :-- Phase I - quiescence; Phase II - acceleration, gallbladder contraction; Phase III -

peristalsis; Phase IV - subsiding electric activity; occurs in 90 min cycles




What is the key stimulatory hormone of the MMC?



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, 4
Elscores: Aug. 27, 24- 2024/2025

 :-- motilin




What drug stimulates motilin receptors?


 :-- Erythromycin




What is the action of Protein C and Protein S?


 :-- Protein C degrades active V and VIII. Protein S helps protein C




What is the only clotting factor not made in the liver?


 :-- Factor VIII (made by reticuloendothelial system)




What is the difference between the three types of Von Willebrand's Disease?


 :-- Type I and III have low amounts of vWF, respond to ddAVP Type II is qualitatively

poor vWF




What is the only inherited coagulopathy with long bleeding time?


 :-- Von Willebrand's Disease (autosomal dominant)




What is the pathophysiology of Glanzman's thombasthenia?


 :-- IIb/IIIa receptor deficiency of platelets. Decreased platelet aggregation. Fibrin

normally links Gp IIb/IIIa receptors




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