NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers.
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Course
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam Questions With Correct Answers.
Asthma - answerChronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - answercoughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tigh...
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - answer✔✔the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answer✔✔columnar epithelial ells
and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answer✔✔smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - answer✔✔control the airways ability to
constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - answer✔✔When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - answer✔✔the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - answer✔✔-expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention
of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - answer✔✔tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - answer✔✔These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - answer✔✔the parasympathetic system is stimulated
by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - answer✔✔inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - answer✔✔bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - answer✔✔The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues
of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - answer✔✔cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - answer✔✔there is hypoxia due to unfavorable
conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - answer✔✔when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs
and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - answer✔✔-long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - answer✔✔-Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - answer✔✔tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - answer✔✔- smooth muscle
hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - answer✔✔causes increased
bronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials - answer✔✔promotes
hypersecretion of mucus
What are characteristics of epithelial cell metaplasia? - answer✔✔squamous cells become
nonciliated and are less protective; allow passage of toxins and WBCs
What does the migration of WBCs to the bronchials do? - answer✔✔increases inflammation of
the cite and causes fibrosis in the bronchial wall
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