NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Questions With Correct Answers.
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Course
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Institution
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
How does blood flow through the heart? - answerDeoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena
Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood
ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonar...
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
How does blood flow through the heart? - answer✔✔Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup. Vena
Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood
ejected through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated →
Pulmonary Veins → L. Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) →
Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole? - answer✔✔Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole - answer✔✔Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound? - answer✔✔closing of the heart valves
What produces S1? - answer✔✔The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? - answer✔✔The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
What is cardiac output? - answer✔✔the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per
minute
What is stroke volume? - answer✔✔amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with
contraction
What determines cardiac output? - answer✔✔stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload? - answer✔✔the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related to
ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload? - answer✔✔resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility? - answer✔✔Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a
given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? -
answer✔✔Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility? - answer✔✔Ischemia, acidosis,
cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload? - answer✔✔HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to the aortic
valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload? - answer✔✔HTN
Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? - answer✔✔Decreased volume of blood
creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume? - answer✔✔Increases stroke volume, over
time the body will be unable to compensate however
What can cause a decreased preload? - answer✔✔Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything that
causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? - answer✔✔Right (AKA Right sided HF)
What is cor-pulmonale? - answer✔✔is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with eventual
RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN, secondary to pulmonary disease. Causes dilation
(stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of blood flow, and hypertrophy of cardiac
cells
What conditions could cause cor pulmonale? - answer✔✔COPD, PE, Pulmonary fibrosis, sleep
apnea, myasthenia gravis, polio
What are causes of heart failure? - answer✔✔CAD, HTN, Cardiomyopathy, faulty heart valves
Explain how systemic HTN can lead to heart failure? - answer✔✔HTN causes increased LV
preload which increases LA preload causing pulmonary edema
- answer✔✔
- answer✔✔
- answer✔✔
What makes up the pulmonary anatomy? - answer✔✔nose->pharynx->larynx->trachea-
>bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
What is ventilation? - answer✔✔The action of inhaling and exhaling
What is perfusion? - answer✔✔the ability of the lungs to perform gas exchange at the alveolar-
capillary level moving blood into and out of the capillary cells
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