NURS 335 Exam 3 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 335
Institution
NUR 335
What are typical characteristics of newborn breathing? Characteristics of newborn breathing include tendency to have a shallow irregular RR and short periodic breathing episodes which is why RR should be recorded for a full minute. Some fine crackles may be heard after birth as infant clears fluid ...
NURS 335 Exam 3 Review Questions
and Correct Answers
What are typical characteristics of newborn breathing? ✅Characteristics of newborn
breathing include tendency to have a shallow irregular RR and short periodic breathing
episodes which is why RR should be recorded for a full minute. Some fine crackles may
be heard after birth as infant clears fluid and adjusts to extrauterine life - esp during first
30 mins. Generally not concerning as long as other APGAR overall is good and is not
present with every breath. Otherwise adventitious breath sounds should NOT be
present. A normal RR rate for a newborn is 30-60 breaths per minute. Pulse ox values
should be greater than 95%.
What are warning signs that a newborn is in respiratory distress? ✅Signs of respiratory
distress in newborns: retractions, see-saw breathing pattern, nasal flaring, grunting,
gasping, wheezing, stridor, cyanosis (around lips and tongue), skin mottling, pulse ox
reading <95%.
Bradypnea: < 30 breaths/min
Tachypnea: > 60 breaths/min
p. 541
What are the three shunts that close in the intrapartum/postpartum period? ✅The
closure of the ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, and foramen ovale completes the
change of fetal circulation to newborn circulation.
What are the characteristics of each period of reactivity? ✅There are 3 stages of
Neonatal transition
Stage 1:
- First period of reactivity
- 0-30 min of life
- increased HR and irregular RR
- May have crackles, grunting and nasal flaring
Stage 2:
- Period of decreased responsiveness
- 30 minutes -3 hours of life
- Rapid/shallow RRs and decreased HR
Stage 3:
- Second period of reactivity
- 2-8 hours of life
- Tachycardia, labile HR
- Changes in tone/color and gagging/vomiting esp if c-section delivery
, What are the four methods of heat loss in a newborn? ✅Conduction: body to cool
surface (contact)
Convection: body to cool air
Radiation body to cool surface (no contact)
Evaporation: liquid to vapor
p. 514
Why does a newborn have more trouble maintaining temperature than adults do? ✅1)
because infant sweat glands are not developed and therefore are unable to provide
cooling. 2) To stay warm infants rely on highly vascular brown fat thermogenesis and
rarely have the capability to shiver.
What are the benefits of skin to skin care in the newborn period? ✅Reduction of
conductive and radiant heat loss while also enhancing newborn temperature control.
Aids infant in regulating respiration rate, heart rate and glucose level. Also allows for
increased bonding, improved infant sleep patterns and stress relief/pain relief during
uncomfortable procedures such as heel sticks. Kangaroo care also exposes the baby to
mom's natural microbiome while also stimulating maternal oxytocin, mood, uterus size
and milk supply.
What is the typical composition of the umbilical cord? What is important to teach parents
about care of the umbilical cord in the newborn period? ✅The umbilical cord is
composed of one vein that carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich
blood to the fetus and two arteries that carries deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted
blood away from the fetus.
Over time, the umbilical cord will dry up and shrink and the stump will darken to a
dark brown. The cord must be kept dry and exposed to air. Only use water to
clean. Assess for edema, redness, and purulent drainage. Change diapers
frequently after feeding.
What are the components of an APGAR score? How often is it assessed? ✅The
components of the APGAR includes the following: HR, RR, Muscle tone, Reflex
irritability and Color.
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