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ANATOMY EXAM 2 WRITTEN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANATOMY EXAM 2 WRITTEN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANATOMY EXAM 2 WRITTENQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Functions of the Skeletal System (5) - ANSWER-Support:
entire body
Protection: Viscera (organs)
Movement: Attachment for the muscles
Hemopoiesis: Blood cell production
Energy & Mineral Reserves: bones have calcium
Are bones organs? - ANSWER-Yes - bones consist of various
types of tissue -- Including blood
Is the skeleton internal or external? - ANSWER-Internal
Where do bones meet? - ANSWER-At joints
Skeleton consist of - ANSWER-Bones, cartilages, joints, and
ligaments
How many named bones are there? - ANSWER-206
Skeleton subdivides into what? - ANSWER-Axial &
appendicular
Axial Skeleton includes - ANSWER-Includes: Skull, vertebral,
column, thoracic cage(sternum and ribs)
Appendicular Skeleton includes - ANSWER-Includes: pectoral
girdle, upper limb, pelvic gridle, lower limbs
Axial & Appendicular Skeleton - ANSWER-
,Axial Skeleton amount of bones - ANSWER-80 named bones
Axial Skeleton Functions - ANSWER-Supports head, neck, and
trunk
Axial Skeleton protects.. - ANSWER-protects brain, spinal cord,
thoracic organs
Bone Markings - ANSWER-characteristics on the surface of the
axial and appendicular bones that indicate attachments,
articulations or openings for nerves and blood vessels, explains
Boundless.
Examples: Foramen, fossa, process, meatus, canal
Foramen (foramina) & example - ANSWER-a hole in a bone
(typically for nerves or blood vessels)
Examples: foramen magnum, infraorbital foramen)
Fossa (fossae) & example - ANSWER-a depression in a bone
Examples: mandibular fossa, lacrimal fossa
Process & examples - ANSWER-projection from bone, narrow
or wide, protrudes from surrounding bone
ex.: styloid or mastoid process
Meatus & examples - ANSWER-a hole or tube-like structure
(e.g. auditory meatus)
Canal & examples - ANSWER-a groove or tube-like structure
(e.g. optic canal)
Cartilage Tissue Structure - ANSWER-Avascular (no blood
supply)
Cell Type: chondrocytes (in lacunae)
Cartilage Functions - ANSWER-Support soft tissues
,Model for formation of bone
Gliding surface at articulations
Three types of cartilage - ANSWER-Hyaline, elastic,
fibrocartilage
Hyaline Cartilage - ANSWER-most common kind of cartilage.
Has tiny nearly invisible collagen fibers called fibrils
Fibrils - ANSWER-Tiny nearly invisible collagen fibers
Hyaline Cartilage functions - ANSWER-ends of long bones,
costal cartilages, respiratory structures, fetal skeleton
Elastic Cartilage - ANSWER-Similar to hyaline but lots of elastic
fibers. Very resilient and flexible, tolerates repeated bending
Elastic Cartilage is found where? - ANSWER-in pinna (outer
ear) and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage - ANSWER-has little ground substance & matrix
has thick, dense collagen fibers.
Resists strong compression
Fibrocartilage is found where? - ANSWER-in inter-vertebral
disks, knee joint, public symphysis
Cartilage Locations - ANSWER-
Bone Tissue - ANSWER-Much denser than cartilage, very little
fluid. Resists compression and tension; very strong. Well
vascularized, so it heals/remodels easy. Made of organic and
inorganic materials
Osteoblasts & Osteoclasts - ANSWER-Bone is constantly being
built up or broken down - growth, strengthening, remodeling,
healing, maintenance.
, Osteoblasts - ANSWER-Builds new bone
Osteoclasts - ANSWER-Break down (consume) bones and are
mature bone cells
Spongy Bone - ANSWER-(Trabecular bone)
Inside bones
Better at shock absoption
Compact Bone - ANSWER-(Cortical)
Smooth, dense, external portion of bones
Strong, rigid
Compact Bone Structure - ANSWER-Osteon - structure unit
Osteon - ANSWER--Made up of concentric tubes are called
lamellae
-Oriented parallel to the long axis and main compression
stresses
- Haversian (central) canal
Lamellae - ANSWER-what makes up osteon
Haversian (central) canal - ANSWER-runs through core of each
osteon & provides blood supply, nutrients, nerves
Bones shapes and sizes - ANSWER-Long bone - humerus
Short bone - talus
Flat bone - sternum
Irregular bone - vertebra
Structure of a Long Bone 1 - ANSWER-Epiphysis - ends
Epiphyseal Line - growth plate
Diaphysis - shaft
Compact bone - superficial
Spongy bone - deep
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