Exam (elaborations)
CHAPTER-21 NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
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CHAPTER-21 NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
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CBSE Quick Revision Notes (Class-11 Biology)CHAPTER-21 NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
• Coordination is the process through which two of more organs interact and complement
the function of each other.
• Neural system provides an organized network of point to point connection for quick
coordination. The endocrine system provides chemical integration through hormones.
• Neural system of animals is composed of specialized cells called neuron, which can detect,
receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli. In hydra neural system composed of network
of neuron, in insects it consists of brain and a number of ganglia and in vertebrates highly
developed neural system.
Human Neural System
Central nervous system (CNS)
includes brain and spinal cord. It is
the site for information processing
Central Neural System Peripheral Neural System
and control.
Peripheral nervous system includes all nerves associated with CNS. There are two types of
nerves fibres-
• Afferent fibres- transmit Peripheral neural system
impulses from
tissue/organ to CNS.
Automatic neural system Somatic neural system
• Efferent fibres- transmit
regulatory impulses from
CNS to concerned Sympathatic Parasympathetic
peripheral organs.
Somatic neural systems relay impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Autonomic neural
system transmits impulses from CNS to involuntary system and smooth muscles.
Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System
Neuron is made up of three major parts- cell body, dendrite and
axon.
• Cell body contains cytoplasm, cell organelles and Nissel’s granules.
Short fibres projecting out from cell body is called dendrites. The
axon is long fibre having branched structure at the end that
terminates into knob like structure called synaptic knob.
• Based on number of axon and dendrites neuron are of three types-
o Multipolar- one axon and two or more dendrite found in cerebral
cortex.
o Bipolar – one axon and one dendrite found in retina of eyes.
o Unipolar- cell body with one axon only found in embryonic s
• There are two types of axon-
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