Socialization
(Ans- the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society
Reflection theory
(Ans- the idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere, a s...
Sociology 101 Final: Sociology 101 Final
Exam Study Guide
Socialization
(Ans- the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and
norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society
Reflection theory
(Ans- the idea that culture is a projection of social structures and
relationships into the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of the
underlying reality or social structures of our society is projected
Generalized other
(Ans- an internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety
of settings--regardless of whether we've encountered those people or
places before
Resocialization
(Ans- the process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and
norms are reengineered, often deliberately through an intense social
process that my take place in a total institution
Role
(Ans- the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a
particular status
Role strain
(Ans- the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status
Ethnomethodology
(Ans- literally "the methods of the people," this approach to studying human
interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world,
convey this understanding to others, and produce a shared social order
,Large group
(Ans- a group characterized by the presence of a formal structure that
mediates interaction and, consequently, status differentiation
Narrative
(Ans- the sum of stories contains in a set of ties
Structural hole
(Ans- a gap between network clusters, or even two individuals, if those
individuals (or clusters) have complementary resources
Social capital
(Ans- the information, knowledge of people, and connections that help
individuals enter, gain power in, or otherwise leverage social networks
Organization
(Ans- any social network that is defined by a common purpose and has a
boundary between its membership and the rest of the social world
Organizational culture
(Ans- the shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group; often used
interchangeably with corporate culture
Organizational structure
(Ans- the ways in which power and authority are distributed within an
organization
Isomorphism
(Ans- a constraining process that forces one unit in a population to
resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions
Social deviance
(Ans- any transgression of socially established norms
, Crime
(Ans- the violation of laws enacted by society
Social cohesion
(Ans- social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a
day-to-day basis
Mechanical/Segmental solidarity
(Ans- social cohesion based on sameness
Organic solidarity
(Ans- social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the
parts
Social control
(Ans- those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals
Formal social sanctions
(Ans- mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant
criminal behavior
Informal social sanctions
(Ans- the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group
membership; the unspoken rules of social life
Social integration
(Ans- how well you are integrated into your social group or community
Social regulation
(Ans- the number of rules guiding your daily life and, more specifically,
what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day-to-day basis
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