Exam 3 - Intro to Nutrition (Nightingale) Study Guide

Exam 3 - Intro to Nutrition (Nightingale) Study Guide Vitamin D Functions - Answer️️ -o Help in absorption of calcium and phosphorus o Bone Mineralization Vitamin D Food Sources - Answer️️ -o Sunlight o Fortified milk o Fatty fish o Eggs Vitamin D Deficiency - Answer️️ -o Rickets o Bone loss Vitamin D Toxicity - Answer️️ -o Can cause high levels of calcium (hypercalcemia) Calcium Function - Answer️️ -o Bone/teeth formation o Nerve and muscle function o Clotting o Blood pressure Calcium Food Sources - Answer️️ -o Dairy products o Dark green vegetables ©SOPHIABENNET@ Thursday, August 22, 2024 10:21 AM 2 o Fortified foods Calcium Deficinecy - Answer️️ -o Increased risk for osteoporosis Calcium Toxicity - Answer️️ -o Kidney Stones Iron fact - Answer️️ -o Vitamin C increases absorption o Calcium decreases absorption Iron Function - Answer️️ -o Makes hemoglobin Iron Food Sources - Answer️️ -o Meat o Fish o Grains o Legumes Iron Deficiency - Answer️️ -o Anemia Iron Toxicity - Answer️️ -o Liver damage o Increased risk of diabetes and cancer Sodium fact - Answer️️ -o Water follows salt Sodium Function - Answer️️ -o Maintains fluid balance in body o Nerve and muscle function Sodium Food Sources - Answer️️ -o Salt o Processed foods ©SOPHIABENNET@ Thursday, August 22, 2024 10:21 AM 3 Sodium Deficiency - Answer️️ -o Muscle cramps Sodium Toxicity - Answer️️ -o High blood pressure Potassium Function - Answer️️ -o Maintains intracellular fluid balance o Nerve function o Regulates muscle and heart contractions Potassium Food sources - Answer️️ -o Bananas o Potatoes o Tomatoes o Oranges o Cantaloupe o Avocados o Dark green vegetables Potassium Deficiency - Answer️️ -o Irregular heartbeat o Muscle cramps Potassium Toxicity - Answer️️ -o Abnormal heartbeat How much water should you drink in a day? - Answer️️ -Between 2 - 3 L/day Function of water - Answer️️ -o Aids in transportation ©SOPHIABENNET@ Thursday, August 22, 2024 10:21 AM 4 o Aids in chemical reactions o Lubricant/Shock absorber o Temperature regulator How do you gain water? - Answer️️ -o Food and drink - 2.2 L/day o Metabolism - 0.3 L/day How does water loss happen? - Answer️️ -o Skin & Lungs - 0.9 L/day (insensible) o Urine - 1.5 L/day (sensible) o Feces - 0.1 L/day (insensible) How do you calculate BMI? - Answer️️ -Weight(kg) / Height(m)^2 Underweight BMI - Answer️️ -Less than 18.5 Healthy BMI - Answer️️ -18.5 - 24.9 Overweight BMI - Answer️️ -25 - 29.9 Obese BMI - Answer️️ -30 or more What is basal metabolic rate? - Answer️️ -o Calories burned at rest o Amount of energy required by the body to conduct its basic functions What is considered apart of the basal metabolic rate? - Answer️️ -o Liver (27%) ©SOPHIABENNET@ Thursday, August 22, 2024 10:21 AM 5 o Brain (19%) o Heart (7%) o Kidney's (1%) o Skeletal Muscle (18%) o Other (19%) How does hormones affect weight? - Answer️️ -Visceral fat releases leptin and sends it to the hypothalamus to tell the body that it is on positive nitrogen balance (full) What hormone does obese people's body's resist to know that they are full? - Answer️️ -Leptin What is underwater weighing? - Answer️️ -o Chamber full of water o Weigh person outside chamber then inside chamber o Bone and muscle weigh more than water. Fat doesn't o Someone with more bone and muscle will weigh more inside the chamber then someone that has less bone and muscle What is bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)? - Answer️️ -o Fat