NUR 211 TBI, SCI, and Chronic problems Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 211
Institution
NUR 211
NUR 211 TBI, SCI, and Chronic problems
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What are the 3 types of blunt trauma associated with TBIs? - answeracceleration
deceleration
rotational forces
What are the mechanisms of brain injuries? - answerpenetrating and blunt traumas
- initial injury to the br...
NUR 211 TBI, SCI, and Chronic problems
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What are the 3 types of blunt trauma associated with TBIs? - answer✔✔acceleration
deceleration
rotational forces
What are the mechanisms of brain injuries? - answer✔✔penetrating and blunt traumas
- initial injury to the brain sustained by impact
- may be mild or severe
EX: contusion, laceration, shearing injuries, and hemorrhage - answer✔✔primary injury (TBI)
- The biochemical and cellular response to the initial trauma
- Can exacerbate the primary injury and cause loss of brain tissue not originally damaged -
answer✔✔secondary injury (TBI)
What is the primary culprit in secondary brain injuries? - answer✔✔ischemia
What can occur with a secondary brain injury? - answer✔✔- hypercapnia which results in
cerebral vasodilation and increased cerebral blood volume and ICP
- significant hypotension which causes inadequate perfusion to neural tissue (NOT typical with
TBI)
- cerebral edema
- increased ICP with HTN
What are the different craniotomy preoperative medications? - answer✔✔- Corticosteroids to
reduce swelling
- Osmotic diuretics to reduce swelling (Mannitol)
- Agents to reduce seizures (phenytoin)
- Prophylactic antibiotics
What is the first sign of increased ICP? - answer✔✔change in LOC
Extravasation of blood produces a space-occupying lesion on the brain and leads to increased
ICP - answer✔✔cerebral hematoma
What subtle behavior changes may also indicate an increase in ICP? - answer✔✔- restlessness
- irritability
- confusion
What are the 2 types of cerebral hematomas? - answer✔✔epidural and subdural
- A collection of blood between the inner table of the skull and the outermost layer of the dura
- Can occur as a result of low-impact injuries (falls) or high-impact injuries (MVAs) -
answer✔✔epidural hematoma
Epidural hematomas are most often associated with and caused by what? - answer✔✔trauma to
the skull and meninges
- skull fractures
- middle meningeal artery lacerations
- Brief loss of consciousness followed by period of lucidity
- This lucid period is followed by a rapid deterioration in LOC
- May complain of severe, localized headaches and may be sleepy
"cycles between consciousness and unconsciousness" - answer✔✔S&S of epidural hematoma
What is the hallmark sign of epidural hematoma? - answer✔✔Dilated, fixed pupil on the same
side as the impact area
- The accumulation of blood between the dura and underlying arachnoid membrane
- Most often related to a rupture in the bridging veins between the brain and the dura -
answer✔✔subdural hematoma
What two things are often associated with subdural hematomas? - answer✔✔cerebral contusions
and intracranial hemorrhage
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