NURS 309 Exam #1 Study Guide Exam
Questions And Correct Answers
Identify characteristics of evidence-based practice. - answer✔✔-1850s: historical evolution of
"research" evidence began w/ Florence Nightingale
-best evidence from critical review of literature (research articles)
-clinical expertise
-patient preferences
-clinical knowledge (physical assessment)
Identify characteristics of diagnostic reasoning. - answer✔✔-attend to available cues (pick up on
pieces of info pt. gives you)
>ex: pt. alert and oriented when first came in, now confused and clammy
-formulate diagnostic hypothesis (make a guess about what is happening)
>ex: pt. diabetic, maybe low blood sugar?
-gather data relative to hypothesis
>ex: take blood sugar
-evaluate each hypothesis w/ new data collected to arrive at final diagnosis
>ex: give orange juice and food, see if blood sugar went up and plan worked
Identify characteristics of nursing process. - answer✔✔-Assessment: collect all info, health hx,
diet assessment, risk assessment
-Diagnosis: cluster data, identify what pt. needs are
-Outcome Identification: if pt. has impaired skin integrity, outcome is to have reduction/healing
of wound
-Planning: set timeline, specific type of dressing, reposition frequently
-Implementation: document what you do, coordinate w/ other HC workers
-evaluation: see if it is working, sometimes they don't work and need to come up w/ different
plan
Identify characteristics of critical thinking. - answer✔✔-novice: starting out in learning, uses
rules to guide performance
-competent: building on 2-3 years of clinical experience, see actions in context of pt. goals or
plans
-proficient: adding time to experience, understands pt. situation as a whole rather than individual
parts - apply long term goals
-expert: attained mastery of an area of learning, performs clinical judgement using ituitive
analysis
What different types of data should be gathered during an assessment? - answer✔✔-complete
(total health) database: all health hx, physical assessment, creating database for initial stage of
care (ex: brand new pt, new hospital admit)
-focused (problem-centered) database: if pt. has specific problem (ex: rash - do
assessment/database for particular problem)
-follow-up database: on a problem to see if it's gotten better or worse (ex: if rash pt. back, only
assess to see if improved or not)
-emergency database: assessment while giving life saving measures (ex: pt. bleeding on ground,
putting pressure while asking questions about what happend)
Describe subjective and objective data. - answer✔✔-subjective: data pt. gives you about
themselves, something they feel (ex: knee pain)
-objective: data collected using assessment skills (inspection, auscultation, etc.)
Identify and set priorities. - answer✔✔-1st level priorities: life threatening, immediate priorities
(ABCV)
-2nd level priorities: urgent needs, but won't die immediately (ex: acute pain, abnormal
potassium, low blood glucose)
-3rd level priorities: important for patient's health; interventions are long-term, may require
collaboration among HC professionals (ex: developing healthy plan for diabetic)
Understand demographic profile of U.S. - answer✔✔-total population passed 321 million in
2015
-61.6% of population identified as non-Hispanic whites
-minority/emerging majority accounts for 38%
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