Spina bifida is what common defect? neural tube defect
What is spina bifida myelomeningocele? section of the spinal cord and associated nerves are exposed and visible on the outside of the body
Myelomeningocele can cause what? partial or complete paralysis before the opening
What is a meningocel...
NUR 336 Exam 5 Practice Questions and
Answers
Spina bifida is what common defect? ✅neural tube defect
What is spina bifida myelomeningocele? ✅section of the spinal cord and associated
nerves are exposed and visible on the outside of the body
Myelomeningocele can cause what? ✅partial or complete paralysis before the opening
What is a meningocele? ✅membrane that surrounds spinal cord is enlarged; creating
a sac
What does meningocele look like? ✅a sac presented on back that contains meninges,
may not always be overtly visible on exam
What is spina bifida occulta? ✅section of the spinal vertebrae is malformed, but cord
and nerves are normal
What does spina bifida occulta look like? ✅not visible, but may have dimple, hair, or
hemangioma in sacral area
How do you treat spina bifida with defects? ✅cover defect with a sterile dressing
soaked in warm sterile NS
How do you position a spina bifida patient? ✅prone with hips flexed and lying on open
diaper
How do you prevent infection with spina bifida? ✅antibiotics use
What do you monitor with spina bifida patients? ✅baseline OFC and continued
monitoring
Who do you consult immediately with a patient diagnosed with spina bifida? ✅pediatric
neurosurgery
Who should female of child bearing age do to prevent spina bifida? ✅take a folic acid
supplement
What is chiari malformation? ✅structural defect in the cerebellum
, How is the cerebellum affected in chiari malformation? ✅the cerebellum and brainstem
are pushed downward and can block the flow of CSF
Chiari malformation type 1 ✅usually no symptoms;
Diagnosed by accident
Chiari malformation type 2 ✅"arnold- chiari malformation+
- larger downward herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum to the
spinal colum.
-may accompany myelomeningocele
Chiari malformation type 3 ✅associated with occipital encephalocele
Chiari malformation type 4 ✅"cerebellar hypoplasia"
-cerebellum is in correct position, but parts are missing
- usually do not survive infancy
What are s/sx of chiari malformation? ✅**vision problems,
**balance and coordination problems,
Numbness,
Weakness,
Dizziness,
Headaches
How do you diagnose chiari malformation? ✅brain MRI
?How do you treat chiari malformation? ✅prevent injury and no contact sports
What are some congenital malformations? ✅agenesis of the corpus callosum,
Microcephaly,
Craniosynostosis
What is agenesis of the corpus callosum? ✅the most common brain malformation
-structure that connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain is partially or completely missing
What is microcephaly? ✅OFC is more than 2 standard deviations below normal
What is microcephaly associated with? ✅down syndrome,
Chromosomal abnormalities,
Maternal substance abuse,
Maternal CMV,
Zika virus,
Rubella,
Chick pox exposure
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