©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM
Nursing Theories and Philosophies Exam
Questions And Correct Answers
A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon (ie: theory of
gravity) - answer✔✔theory
used for fields of study in which the central focus is performance of a professional role (nursing,
teaching, etc) - answer✔✔practice discipline
a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts - answer✔✔conceptual framework
those that articulate a broad range of the significant relationships among the concepts of a
discipline - answer✔✔grand theories
refers to a pattern of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world. they
include our notions of reality that are largely unconscious or taken for granted -
answer✔✔paradigm
client, environment, health, nursing - answer✔✔metaparadigm for nursing
focus on the exploration of concepts such as pain, self-esteem, learning, and hardiness -
answer✔✔midlevel theory
a belief system, often an early effort to define nursing phenomena, and serves as the basis for
later theoretical formulations - answer✔✔philosophy
Nightingale, Henderson, and Watson - answer✔✔nursing philosophies
Neuman, Orem, Rogers, Roy, and King - answer✔✔nursing models
Peplau, Leininger, and Parse - answer✔✔nursing theories
links health w/ 5 environmental factors: pure or fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage,
cleanliness, and light, especially sunlight - answer✔✔Nightingale's environmental theory
existence of a therapeutic relationship betw the nurse and the client. 4 phases: orientation,
identification, exploitation, and resolution - answer✔✔PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONS MODEL
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/26/2024 11:32 AM
nurse is concerned w/ both healthy and ill. emphasis on independence from, and interdependence
w/, other health care disciplines is well recognized. Nurses role= assisting sick or healthy
individuals independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs. - answer✔✔Henderson's definition
of nursing
person=irreducible whole, the whole being greater than the sum of its parts. humans=dynamic
energy fields in continuous exchange w/ environmental fields. 4D. - answer✔✔Rogers' science
of unitary human beings
based on 4 concepts: self-care, self-care agency, self-care requisites(needs), and therapeutic self-
care demand - answer✔✔Orem's general theory of nursing*
relationship of personal systems (individuals), interpersonal systems (groups such as nurse-
client), and social systems (education, health care, etc) - answer✔✔King's goal attainment theory
based on the individual's relationship to stress, the reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that
are dynamic in nature. reconstitution is the state of adaptation to stressors (atom model)
intra=infection, inter=unrealistic role expectations, extra=$ concerns - answer✔✔Neuman's
systems model*
the process and outcome whereby the thinking and feeling person uses conscious awareness and
choice to create human and environmental integration. 4 modes: physiological, self-concept, role
function mode, and interdependence mode. - answer✔✔Roy's adaptation model
human caring varies among cultures in its expressions, processes, and patterns. it is largely
culturally derived. focuses on what is univeral among cultures and what varies. -
answer✔✔Leininger's cultural care diversity and universality theory
caring=unifying focus for practice. carative factors=clinical caritas processes (10 of them) -
answer✔✔Watson's human caring theory
3 assumptions about human becoming focus on meaning, rhythmicity, and cotranscendence -
answer✔✔Parse's human becoming theory
List 5 Environmental theory of Nightingale - answer✔✔1. Ventilation
2. Pure Water
3. Efficient Drainage
4. Cleanliness
5. Light
Also: Noise, Warmth and Diet
