NUR 336 Chapter 4 - Growth and Development Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 336
Institution
NUR 336
Growth quantitative increase in physical size or measurement
Development qualitative increase in capability or function
Crucial components in planning of pediatric health care 1) Qualitative and quantitative changes in body organ functioning 2) Ability to communicate 3) Performance of motor skill...
NUR 336 Chapter 4 - Growth and
Development Review Questions and
Correct Answers
Growth ✅quantitative increase in physical size or measurement
Development ✅qualitative increase in capability or function
Crucial components in planning of pediatric health care ✅1) Qualitative and
quantitative changes in body organ functioning
2) Ability to communicate
3) Performance of motor skills that develop over time
Cephalocaudal ✅Growth that occurs from head downward through body and toward
the feet
(i.e. infants learn head control before learning to sit)
Proximodistal ✅Development that occurs from center of body outward
(i.e. infants are able to control their trunk before they master fine motor movement of
hands)
Freud's Three Parts of Personality ✅1) Id
2) Ego
3) Superego
Id ✅Present at birth, drives individual's need to seek pleasure
- "I want it now"
Ego ✅Realistic part of the person which develops later in infancy and toddlerhood
- "We need to wait to have it"
Superego ✅Moral/ethical system that helps with values and conscience
- "You can't have it, it isn't right."
4 Common Defense Mechanisms of Children ✅1) Regression
2) Repression
3) Rationalization
4) Fantasy
Regression ✅Definition: Return to an earlier behavior
, Ex: A child who has been potty trained becomes incontinent when a new infant is born
into the family
Repression ✅Definition: Involuntary forgetting of uncomfortable situations
Ex: An abused child cannot consciously recall episodes of abuse
Rationalization ✅Definition: An attempt to make unacceptable feelings acceptable
Ex: A child explains hitting another because "he took my toy."
Fantasy ✅Definition: A creation of the mind to help deal with unacceptable fear
Ex: A hospitalized child who is weak pretends to be Superman
Freud's Stages of Development ✅1. Oral Stage
2. Anal Stage
3. Phallic Stage
4. Latency Stage
5. Genital Stage
Need to know because:
Helps understand why a child may have defense mechanisms, why they regress to
earlier stages, and how illness can affect a child's behavior
Freud's Stages of Development:
Oral Stage ✅Age: Birth to 1 year old
Infant gets pleasure from the mouth primarily through sucking and eating (pacifiers,
bottles, etc.)
Freud's Stages of Development:
Anal Stage ✅Age: 1 - 3 years
The young child seeks pleasure through control of body secretions (toilet training!)
Freud's Stages of Development:
Phallic Stage ✅Age: 3 - 6 years
Sexual energy is focus on the genitalia areas (boys seek out their father and girls seek
out their mother)
Freud's Stages of Development:
Latency Stage ✅Age: 6 - 12 years
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