CNAP + HHA Exam Study Guide (NA 309) exam with complete solution
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Course
Nursing
Institution
Nursing
With an autoimmune illness the body/s ___________ system attacks normal tissue
Immune system
What does osteoporosis cause?
A common type of arthritis that affects the elderly. It may occur with aging or as the result of joint injury. Hips and knees, which are weight-bearing joints, are usu...
CNAP + HHA Exam Study Guide (NA 309)
xm with complete solution
With an autoimmune illness the body/s ___________ system attacks normal
tissue - ANSWER- Immune system
What does osteoporosis cause? - ANSWER- A common type of arthritis that
affects the elderly. It may occur with aging or as the result of joint injury. Hips
and knees, which are weight-bearing joints, are usually affected. Joints of the
fingers, thumbs, and spine can also be affected. Pain and stiffness seem to
increase in cold or damp weather.
Read Guidelines for caring for resident who have had hip replacements -
ANSWER- Keep often-used items, such as medications, telephone, tissues, call
light, and water, within easy reach. Avoid placing items in high places.
Dress starting with the affected side first. Never rush the resident. Use praise and
encouragement often. Do this even for small tasks.
Ask the nurse to give pain medication prior to moving and positioning if needed.
Have the resident sit to do tasks if allowed. This saves energy. Follow the care
plan exactly, even if the resident wants to do more. Follow orders for weight-
bearing.
An order may be written as partial weight bearing (PWB) or non-weight bearing
(NWB).
Partial weight bearing means the resident is able to support some weight on one
or both legs.
Non-weight bearing means the resident is unable to support any weight on one or
both legs.
Full weight bearing (FWB) means that one or both legs can bear 100 percent of
the body weight on a step. Assist resident as needed with cane, walker, or
crutches. Never perform range of motion exercises on a leg on the side of a hip
replacement unless directed by the nurse. Caution the resident not to sit with his
or her legs crossed or turn toes inward. The hip cannot be bent or flexed more
than 90 degrees. It cannot be turned inward or outward
When preparing to transfer the resident from the bed, a pillow should be used
between the thighs to keep the legs separated. The head of the bed can be raised
,to allow the resident to move her legs over the side of the bed with the thighs still
separated. It is better to transfer from the bed on the side where the unaffected
hip is so that the strong side leads in standing, pivoting, and sitting. With chair or
toilet transfers, the operative leg/knee should be straightened. The strong leg
should stand first (with a walker or crutches) before bringing the foot of the
affected leg back to the
What does an anti-embolic stocking do? - ANSWER- They aid circulation
What is a phantom sensation? - ANSWER- After amputation, some people feel
that the limb is still there. They may feel pain in the part that has been amputated.
It may last for a short time or for several years - the pain is real from remaining
nerve endings - never ignore or ridicule.
For a resident who has had a stroke - know what side should lead, what side to
stand on, how to refer to the weaker side, and if use of a gait belt is helpful to
transfer resident - ANSWER- Weaknesses on the right side show that the left side
of the brain was affected. Weaknesses on the left side show that the right side of
the brain was affected.
Assist the resident on their weaker side, Never use the term 'bad' but use weaker
or involved.
Always use a gait belt for safety.
Stand on the weaker side. Support the weaker (involved) side. Lead with the
stronger (uninvolved) side
Read Guidelines: Multiple Sclerosis - ANSWER- A progressive disease that
affects the central nervous system.
Assist with ADLs as needed.
Be patient with self-care and movement. Allow enough time for tasks. Offer rest
periods as necessary. Give resident plenty of time to communicate. People with
MS may have trouble forming their thoughts. Be patient. Do not rush him or her.
Prevent falls, which may due to a lack of coordination, fatigue, or vision
problems. Stress can worsen the effects of MS. Be calm. Listen to residents when
they want to talk. Encourage a healthy diet with plenty of fluids.
Give excellent skin care to prevent pressure sores.
Assist with range of motion exercises exactly as ordered to prevent contractures
and to strengthen muscles.
, Head or spinal injuries frequently cause paralysis or paresis - ANSWER- Paresis
is paralysis, or loss of ability, that affects only part of the body. Often, paresis
describes a weakness or loss of ability on one side of the body.
Read about seizures & what should & should not be done - ANSWER- Seizures
are involuntary, often violent, contractions of muscles. They can involve a small
area or the entire body. Seizures are caused by an abnormality in the brain.
Main goal: make the resident safe
Do: assist immediately, call the nurse, move furniture way to prevent injury,
check breathing, report and document.
Do Not: restrain, place hands near mouth of resident, give liquid or food
Read what Parkinson's disease can cause - ANSWER- A progressive disease. It
causes a section of the brain to degenerate, and it affects the muscles, causing
them to become stiff. In addition, it causes stooped posture and a shuffling walk.
It can also cause pillrolling. This is a circular movement of the tips of the thumb
and the index finger when brought together, which looks like rolling a pill.
Tremors or shaking make it hard for a person to perform ADLs such as eating
and bathing.
Read Guidelines: Myocardial Infarction - re: smoking, diet, exercise, & what type
of temperatures to avoid - ANSWER- When blood flow to the heart muscle is
blocked, oxygen and nutrients fail to reach cells in that region and waste
products are not removed and the muscle cells die. This is called a MI, or heart
attack.
Generally, residents who have had an MI will be placed on a regular exercise
program.
Residents may be on a diet that is low in fat and cholesterol and/or a low-sodium
diet. Medications may be used to regulate heart rate and blood pressure.
Quitting smoking will be encouraged.
A stress management program may be started to help reduce stress levels.
Residents recovering from a heart attack may need to avoid exposure to cold
temperatures.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) : Guidelines - read about diet & fluids, medication
to remove excess fluid & purpose of elastic stockings - ANSWER- Medications
help remove excess fluids. This means more trips to the bathroom. Answer call
lights promptly. Keep a portable commode nearby if the resident is weak and has
trouble getting out of bed and walking to the bathroom. Assist resident as
needed.
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