PSCI 210 Exam 1 Study Guide
Federalist Party - answer. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the
government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic
Republicans.
New Jersey Plan - answerA framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small
states; it...
Federalist Party - answer✔✔1792-1816. Formed by Alexander Hamilton. Controlled the
government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic government. Opposed by Democratic
Republicans.
New Jersey Plan - answer✔✔A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small
states; its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, the establishment
of the acts of Congress as the "supreme law" of the land, and a supreme judiciary with limited
power.
Liberalism v Conservatism - answer✔✔Left vs Right wings; both sides of the Political
Spectrum; oppose each other
Social Contract - answer✔✔An agreement between the people and their government signifying
their consent to be governed.
Political Culture - answer✔✔A nation's set of fundamental beliefs about how government and
politics should be conducted.
Federalism - answer✔✔A system in which power is divided between the national and state
governments
Political Ideology - answer✔✔A coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public
purpose, which helps give meaning to political events
Political Efficacy - answer✔✔A citizen's capacity to understand and influence political events. If
citizens lack this quality, they may not believe that it is important to vote, or they may try to
ignore the government's efforts to enforce laws.
Interest Group - answer✔✔An organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that
seeks to influence the making of public policy
Political Action Committee - answer✔✔A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or
interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations
Lobbying - answer✔✔Activities through which individuals, interest groups, and other
institutions seek to influence public policy by persuading government officials to support their
groups' position.
Federalist Papers - answer✔✔A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John
Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.
Federalist #10 - answer✔✔An essay composed by James Madison which argues that liberty is
safest in a large republic because many interests (factions) exist. Such diversity makes tyranny
by the majority more difficult since ruling coalitions will always be unstable.
"The Revolving Door" - answer✔✔the movement of personnel between roles as legislators and
regulators and the industries affected by the legislation and regulation and/on within lobbying
companies
Iron Triangle - answer✔✔A powerful alliance of mutual benefit among an agency or unit of the
government, an interest group, and a committee or subcommittee of Congress. Also called a
subgovernment.
26th Amendment - answer✔✔Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
Supremacy Clause - answer✔✔Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution,
national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting
within its constitutional limits.
Elastic Clause - answer✔✔Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to
make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution.
Shay's Rebellion - answer✔✔A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers
attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes
Dual Federalism - answer✔✔A system of government in which both the states and the national
government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
19th Amendment - answer✔✔Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to
vote to women in federal or state elections.
Implied Powers - answer✔✔Powers derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and
proper clause. These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably
implied through the exercise of delegated powers.
16th Amendment - answer✔✔Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave
Congress the power to tax income.
Articles of Confederation - answer✔✔This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted
by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited
because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or
control coinage.
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