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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1: Concept and Clinical Complication
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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1: Concept and Clinical Complication Action Potential: Hypokalemia leads to what complications - Correct Answer Potassium leaves the cell leaving behind negative anions, cell hyperpolarizes making the cell more negative and therefore less excitable CC: Weakness, Smooth Muscle...

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  • August 29, 2024
  • 14
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • action potential hypokalemia leads to what compli
  • action potential hyperkalemia lead to what compli
  • action potential hypercalcemia
  • action potential hypocalcemia

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  • Nurs 5315
  • Nurs 5315

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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1: Concept and Clinical
Complication
Action Potential: Hypokalemia leads to what complications - Correct Answer Potassium leaves the
cell leaving behind negative anions, cell hyperpolarizes making the cell more negative and therefore
less excitable



CC: Weakness, Smooth Muscle atony, parathesias (pins and needles), Cardiac dysrythmias



Action Potential: Hyperkalemia lead to what complications - Correct Answer Increased potassium will
come into the cell and make it more positive, depolarization will occur taking the RMP closer to the
Threshold potential. This makes cells more excitable.



CC: Peak T waves, Widening QRS Complex, paralysis, paresthesia, weakness, cardiac dysrhythmia



Action Potential: Hypercalcemia - Correct Answer High calcium (Ca2+) decreases the cells
permeability to Na+ ions. Cell becomes less positive. Hyper polarized and less excitable



CC: Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephalopathy, Shorted QT segment,
Depressed widened T waves



Action Potential: Hypocalcemia - Correct Answer Less Calcium leads to more per i ability of Na+ ions
into the cell. The cell becomes more positive and depolarizes. Closed to threshold potential means
more excitable cells.



CC: Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscle), hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia, seizures,
dysrythmias



Atrophy - Correct Answer CC: Decreased muscle size due to lack of exercise or bed ridden, reduced
thymus in children as they grow



Hypertrophy - Correct Answer Physiologic: Increased muscle size when exercising

Pathologic: cardiomegaly in HTN, kidney growth when one kidney is removed



Hyperplasia - Correct Answer Physiologic: Liver regeneration after resection, uterine and mammary
gland enlargement in pregnancy

, Pathologic: Endometrial lining in response to estrogen (Endometrial Cancer)



Metaplasia - Correct Answer Pathologic: Chronic Smokers Columnar cells to Squamous cells, Barrett
Esophagus (Normal squamous epithelial cells replaced by columnar cells) in response to heart burn,
GERD



Dysplasia - Correct Answer Dysplastic cells of the cervix during a papsmear, pre cancerous



Sickle Cell Anemia can cause what type of cell injury? - Correct Answer Hypoxic injury



A decrease in the production of red blood cells happens with what type of conditions? - Correct
Answer Iron Deficiency Anemia

Leukemia



Hypoxic injury of the muscle cells including the heart will release which enzyme? - Correct Answer
Creatinine Kinase



Hypoxic injury if the muscle cells, liver cells, lung cells, heart, RBC, and brain will release which
enzyme? - Correct Answer LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase)



What free radical plays a part in all of the following conditions: Heart Disease, Alzheimer's Disease,
Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Correct Answer Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)



What are examples of Antioxidants that can fight against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)? - Correct
Answer Antioxidants, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, beta carotene, flavonoids, cysteine, glutathione, albumin,
ceruloplasmin and transferrin



Alcohols consumption leads to what type of damage? - Correct Answer Liver damage

Nutritional deficiencies

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Peripheral neuropathy

Korsakoff Psychosis

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