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MCPHS MICROBIOLOGY SELF PACED EXAM II; QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS $14.99   Add to cart

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MCPHS MICROBIOLOGY SELF PACED EXAM II; QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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MCPHS MICROBIOLOGY SELF PACED EXAM II; QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Pathogenicity Correct Answer-The ability to cause disease Virulence Correct Answer-the extent of pathogenicity Portals of entry Correct Answer-mucous membranes, skin, parenteral route ID50 (infectious dose) Correct Answer-The numbe...

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  • August 29, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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MCPHS MICROBIOLOGY SELF PACED EXAM II;
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pathogenicity Correct Answer-The ability to cause disease


Virulence Correct Answer-the extent of pathogenicity


Portals of entry Correct Answer-mucous membranes, skin, parenteral route


ID50 (infectious dose) Correct Answer-The number of microbes that must
enter the body to establish infection in 50% of test animals is expressed as the
ID50


LD50 Correct Answer-lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population


Adherence Correct Answer-Adhesions / ligands bind to receptors on host
cells, form biofims
Glycocalyx: streptococcus mutans
Fimbriae: E.coli
M proteins: Strepoccus pyogenes
Pili, flagella, glycoproteins, lipoproteins


Capsules - resist phagocytosis Correct Answer-Strep. Pneumoniae, Hib,
bacillus anthracis


cell wall components Correct Answer-M proteins: mediates attachment and
resists phagocytosis (strep. pyogenes)

, MCPHS MICROBIOLOGY SELF PACED EXAM II;
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Opa protein: assist attachment and recept mediated endocytosis, inhibs helper t
cells (n. gonorrhoeae)
Mycolic acid: Waxy, resists digestion (mycobacterium TB)


Enzymes Correct Answer-Coagulase: coagulates fibrinogen
Kinases: digest fibrin clots
hyaluronidase: hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid
Collagenase: hydrolyzes collagen
IgA proteases: destroys IgA antibodies


antigenic variation Correct Answer-Alteration of surface antigens to avoid
detection by host antibodies
Examples: flu, gonorrhea, trypanosoma brucei gambiense


Invasins: Penetration into the host cell cytoskeleton Correct Answer-
Salmonella alters host actin to enter a host cell
Listeria uses actin to move from one cell to the next


Direct damage caused by Correct Answer-disrupting the host cells function
produces waste products
toxins
induce hypersensitive reactions
damage immediate vicinity
use hosts nutrients (iron) -siderophores

, MCPHS MICROBIOLOGY SELF PACED EXAM II;
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Siderophores Correct Answer-proteins that free host stores of iron


Toxin Correct Answer-substance that contributes to pathogenicity


Toxoid Correct Answer-inactivated toxin used in a vaccine


Antitoxin Correct Answer-antibodies against a specific toxin


Endotoxins Correct Answer-the lipid portions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
that are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
The endotoxins are liberated when the bacteria die and the cell wall breaks
apart.


PART OF BACTERIAL CELL NOT A PRODUCT


Lipid NOT proteins


all produce same SS


Exotoxins Correct Answer-specific for a structure or function in host cell
Can be gram pos or neg
Are proteins, enzymes
secreted into medium during log phase

, MCPHS MICROBIOLOGY SELF PACED EXAM II;
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
most lethal
produce SS


Classification of exotoxins Correct Answer-1. Based on host cell attacked
(cardiotoxin)
2. Disease they are associated with: tetanus
3. Bacterium that produces it: botulinum
4. Structure/function: A-B, Membrane-disrupting, superantigens


A-B exotoxin Correct Answer-A: Alters cell function by inhibiting protein
synthesis
B: Binding compenent


examples: Corynebacterium diphtheria, clostridium botulinum, c. tetani, vibrio
cholerae


membrane disrupting exotoxins Correct Answer-lyse host cells by disrupting
plasma membranes/disrupt phospholipid bilayer


Leukocidins: kill phagocytic leukocytes
Hemolysins: destroy RBCs
-Streptolysins


example: strep. pyogenes

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