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BIO6-Lecture 10-Sensory Physiology PDF
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8/29/24, 5:16 BIO6-Lecture 10-Sensory PhysiologyPM PDF
Lecture 10:
Sensory Physiology
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Sensory Physiology
• Sensory Physiology
• Major Sensory Pathways
– Somatic Sensation
– Special Senses
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The Nervous System
• The Nervous System is the master controlling and
communication system of the body, specialized to quickly
detect and respond to stimuli.
• It is composed of:
• Central Nervous System (brain, spinal cord)
– Integration
• Peripheral Nervous System (peripheral nerves and
receptors).
– Afferent Division (Sensory information IN)
– Efferent Division (Motor responses OUT)
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Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain and
Input Output
spinal cord
to CNS from
from CNS to
periphery periphery
Peripheral nervous
system (PNS)
Afferent Efferent
division division
Stimuli in
Sensory Visceral Somatic Autonomic digestive
stimuli stimuli nervous system nervous system tract
Motor Sympathetic Parasympathetic Enteric nervous
neurons nervous system nervous system system
KEY
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system Skeletal Smooth muscle Digestive
Afferent division of PNS* muscles Cardiac muscle organs only
Efferent division of PNS Exocrine glands
Some endocrine
Somatic nervous system
glands
Autonomic nervous system
Enteric nervous system*
Effector organs
(made up of muscle and gland tissue) Fig. 5-1, p. 136
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Central Peripheral
nervous system
nervous system
(spinal cord)
Cell
Axon body Afferent neuron
terminals
Central Peripheral axon
Sensory
axon (afferent fiber)
receptor
Interneuron
Efferent neuron*
Effector organ
(muscle or gland)
Axon
(efferent fiber) Axon
Cell
body terminals
* Efferent autonomic nerve pathways consist of a two-neuron chain
between the CNS and the effector organ. Fig. 5-2, p. 137
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Nervous System Organization
• PERIPHERAL RECEPTORS sense information from the body
• PERIPHERAL SENSORY NERVES bring in sensory information to the
spinal cord and/or brain
• The SPINAL CORD either relays sensory information to the
brain (OR it can reflexively integrate and respond on its own).
• The BRAIN has specialized regions to process and
integrate sensory information and decide how to respond
• The brain sends motor commands out through the SPINAL CORD
(OR directly through cranial nerves to muscles, organs and
glands).
• PERIPHERAL MOTOR NERVES carry motor commands to muscles,
organs, and glands
• The muscles, organs, and glands are the Peripheral
Effectors, which carry out a motor response
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Sensory Processing
• Sensory Processing is essential for regulating and
coordinating the body’s behavioral responses to the
environment.
• Some example functions of sensory processing include:
– Attention and Arousal
– Perception of the World around us
– Memory
– Emotion
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Perception
• Perception: is the conscious interpretation of the external
world created by patterns of activity in the brain
• Limited by our receptor types
– example: humans do not sense magnetic fields or UV light
• Limited by our level of sensitivity
– example: we only hear certain frequencies of sound
• Limited by central processing and filtering
– example: what grabs your attention in a crowded room is based
on your sensitivity, past experience, etc
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