ABA 503 Exam 1 (Chapters 1-8)
Stimulus intensity below which no response is elicited and above which a response always
occurs - ANS-Law of Threshold
growing adapted to stimulus (i.e. the rat growing used to the noise in the box. after 30 minutes
you make the noise again, the rat will jump) - ANS-Habituation
Sequences of behavior that are phylogenic in origin (the organism needs to continue it's
behavior even if the stimulus is taken away because there's a sequence of behavior until the
behavior is done)
Once initiated by the eliciting stimulus the entire sequences occurs (ex: yawning. goose with the
egg) - ANS-Fixed (modal) Action Patterns (FAP/MAP)
An increase in a UR as a function of repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus. the same
stimulus over and over again at the same intensity that eventually leads to a response (i.e.
slamming book down) - ANS-Potentiation
Each individual response requires an appropriate stimulus to elicit the response (ex: Hermit crab
search for a shell) - ANS-Reaction Chain
the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus, but it does not result in movement
directly towards or away from the stimulus (ex: when a light is turned on, the cockroach will
quickly start running - not necessarily away from or towards the light) - ANS-Kineses
inherited or instinctive behaviors - ANS-innate behaviors
Movement toward or away from eliciting stimulus
(ex: Maggot moving away from light) - ANS-Taxes
When a response contacts extinction, the organism emits a different behavior that was
previously reinforced in that context. Switching from current behavior to older behavior that was
once effective (ex: Nick using the "respect" card after it's been faded out with the cops) -
ANS-Resurgence/regression
an environmental change immediately following a response that results in an increase in the
future probability of that response in similar situations (ex: it is also an automatic process) -
ANS-reinforcement
an environmental change immediately following a response that results in a decrease in the
future probability of that response in similar situations - ANS-punishment
, The consequences of responding. Light, sound, etc are consequences of behavior. Consider
why we look toward objects that we pick up - ANS-The Acquisition of behavior
The aversive stimulus is not present when the response occurs - ANS-avoidance
deletion and postponement - ANS-two types of avoidance
Prevents presentation of the aversive stimulus - ANS-deletion
Postpones presentation of the aversive stimulus - ANS-postponement
the termination of an aversive stimulus by a response - ANS-escape
they both look to change behavior. reinforcement is adding something to increase the likeliness
of that behavior happening again in the future. punishment is taking something away to
decrease the likeliness of that behavior happening again in the future - ANS-compare and
contrast punishment and reinforcement
The removal, postponement, or prevention of a stimulus contingent upon a behavior that results
in an increase in the rate of that behavior in similar situations (ex: removing hand from hot stove
increases the behavior of never putting your hand on the hot stove again) - ANS-negative
reinforcement
The consequence is the removal or prevention of some stimulus or event (ex: removing stuff
from the floor to prevent yourself from stubbing your toe in the dark) - ANS-negative punishment
The consequence is the presentation of some stimulus or event (ex: speeding tickets, paycheck,
jail) - ANS-positive punishment
1. observing behaviors
2. presenting stimuli
3. arranging consequences
4. Signaling events or procedures
5. Establishing the effectiveness of consequences (ex: motivating operations - value of money
changes depending on whether or not you're financially wealthy) - ANS-types of procedures
used to change behavior (5 steps)
a change in behavior. to determine whether learning has taken place, the organism will
continually give the same correct response - ANS-what is learning?
The philosophy of the science of behavior.
Attempts to understand behavior in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person and
the species - ANS-behaviorism
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