- Most cases show an increased LH:FSH ratio
- Occasional cases will show hyperprolactinemia correct answers Pituitary hormone pathology in polycystic ovarian (aka, Stein-Leventhal) syndrome
Hyperandrogenism with chronic anovulation in women with no other cause correct answers What is an impor...
Clinical Chemistry
- Most cases show an increased LH:FSH ratio
- Occasional cases will show hyperprolactinemia correct answers Pituitary hormone
pathology in polycystic ovarian (aka, Stein-Leventhal) syndrome
Hyperandrogenism with chronic anovulation in women with no other cause correct
answers What is an important hormonal derangement in polycystic ovarian syndrome
(aka, Stein-Leventhal syndrome)
Substantially elevated estrogen production because of the peripheral conversion of
androgens to estrogens correct answers In polycystic ovarian (aka, Stein-Leventhal)
syndrome, is estrogen production norma, increased, or decreased?
CA-125 correct answers What serum tumor marker is typically elevated in serous
carcinoma (aka, malignant serous tumor) of the ovary?
- CEA
- CA 19-9
- Inhibin
- CA 125 correct answers What are some serum tumor markers that are elevated in
mucinous carcinoma (aka, malignant mucinous tumor) of the ovary?
CA 125 correct answers Serum tumor marker that is elevated in most cases of
endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
Serum HCG continues to rise after 14 weeks of gestation, when the HCG normally
drops. correct answers What serum marker is indicative of complete (hydatidiform)
mole?
Term correct answers Definition
Screening test for porphyria correct answers Urine porphobilinogen - often greater than
10 tiems upper reference limit during attacks of acute porphyrias
Acute intermittent porpyhria correct answers Which is the most common type of
porphyria?
Autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance, making family studies challenging
correct answers Mode of inheritance of acute intermittent porphyria
,Absence of porphobilinogen deaminase activity correct answers What is the
biochemical defect in acute intermittant porphyria?
Elevated levels of ALA and porphobilinogen levels in the urine during attacks correct
answers What is the laboratory method for diagnosing acute intermittent porphyria?
Turns read or brown correct answers What happens to urine from a patient with acute
intermittent porphyria when it is exposed to air?
Acute intermittent porpyhria correct answers Which is the porphyria that lacks
cutaneous manifestations?
Autosomal dominant with low penatrance correct answers What is the mode of
inheritance of variegate porphyria?
Cutaneous manifestation of this prophyria include bullae following trauma to sun
exposed skin. These lesions are seen at a younger age than in porphyria cutanea tarda.
correct answers Cutaneous manifestations of variegate porphyria.
Porphyria cutanea tarda correct answers Which porphyria is acquired rather than
inherited?
An acquired uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency, most likely due to an inhibitor
correct answers What is the biochemical defect in porphyria cutanea tarda?
Patients present with cutaneous findings alone, and these are due to mild trauma to sun
exposed areas, not simple photosensitivity. correct answers Clinical presentation of
porphyria cutanea tarda
Increased uroporphyrins correct answers What are the laboratory findings in porphyria
cutanea tarda?
- Pseudocysts often contain high levels of pancreatic enzymes.
- Mucinous cystic tumors have high levels of mucin related antigens like CEA correct
answers How can the chemistry of a pancreatic cystic aspirate help differentiate
between pancreatic pseudocyst and pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm?
Morphine correct answers Heroin (diacetylmorphine) is metabolized to _____.
6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) correct answers Heroin undergoes rapid deacetylation
to _____, which is about 6 times more potent than morphine.
,Celiac disease, juvenile diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and various forms of
arthritis. correct answers Some diseases associated with anti-tissue transglutaminase
antibodies.
Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies are involved in the destruction of the villous
extracellular matrix and target the destruction of intestinal villous epithelial cells by
cytotoxic T cells. correct answers What is the pathogenesis of anti-tissue
transglutaminase antibodies?
Greater than 1000 ng/mL correct answers What is the total IgE in allergic
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
A. fumigatus-specific IgG and IgE antibodies in concentrations at least twice those
found in patients without ABPA established the diagnosis of ABPA. correct answers
What is the cutoff for Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE?
Identify mislabels and major isolated instrument errors correct answers Greatest utility
of delta checks in clinical chemistry quality assurance.
Friedewald equation correct answers
fetal fibronectin correct answers A negative _____ test gives a more than 95%
likelihood of remaining undelivered for the next 2 weeks.
Fetal fibronectin correct answers _____ is produced by fetal cells. It is found at the
interface of the chorion and the decidua. It can be thought of as an adhesive or
"biological glue" that binds the fetal sac to the uterine lining.
- AFP: low
- Unconjugated estriol: low
- hCG: high
- Dimeric Inhibin A: high correct answers Quad screen in trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Anemia of chronic disease correct answers The serum iron concentration is
characteristically decreased, the TIBC is decreased or normal (in contrast to iron
deficiency anemia, in which the TIBC is elevated), and the percent saturation is
decreased. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin and serum ferritin are elevated.
Anemia of chronic disease correct answers Anemia is due to high levels of cytokines
(especially, TNFα), which may result in decreased red cell survival, altered iron
metabolism, direct inhibition of hematopoiesis, and decreased EPO secretion.
Xanthochromia correct answers The best way to detect pre-existent subarachnoid
hemorrhage in a CSF contaminated with a traumatic tap.
Causes of CSF xanthochromia other than subarachnoid hemorrhage correct answers -
Very high serum bilirubin
- High CSF protein, as seen in spinal taps below a complete spinal block
Xanthochromia correct answers Can persist for up to several weeks following a
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Several weeks correct answers How long after a subarachnoid hemorrhage can
xanthochromia still be seen in the CSF?
CT scan without contrast can only detect a subarachnoid hemorrhage up to 3 to 4 days
after the bleed. CSF xanthochromia can last up to several weeks. correct answers
Compare the longitudinal sensitive of CT versus CSF xanthochromia in detecting
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Tryptase is often greater than 20 ng/mL. correct answers Serum marker that is
elevated in systemic mastocytosis.
Hashimoto thyroiditis correct answers Elevated antithyroid antibody is diagnostic
feature of _____.
[Na] − [Cl] − [HCO₃] correct answers Calculated anion gap
Vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies correct answers Which nutritional
deficiencies are associated with elevated homocysteine levels?
If blood specimens are left to stand at room temperature without centrifuging, glycolytic
activity of the blood cells can greatly increase homocysteine concentrations correct
answers Affect of improper storage on homocysteine levels.
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