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NURS 3366 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 REVIEWQUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS RATED A.
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NURS 3366 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 REVIEWQUESTIONS ANDACCURATE SOLUTIONS RATED A.
1. What is the initiating event that leads to the develop- c. Injury to the en-
ment of atherosclerosis? dothelial cells that
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines line the artery
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls. walls
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery
walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor
2. What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins a. LDLs cause
(LDLs) in atherosclerosis? smooth muscle
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation. proliferation.
b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the en-
dothelium.
3. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the c. Angiotensin II
myocardium associated with hypertension?
a. Increased norepinephrine
b. Adducin
c. Angiotensin II
d. Insulin resistance
4. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's b. Ischemia of the
glomeruli as a result of hypertension? tubule
a. Compression of the renal tubules
b. Ischemia of the tubule
c. Increased pressure from within the tubule
d. Obstruction of the renal tubule
5. What effect does atherosclerosis have on the devel- c. Atherosclerosis
opment of an aneurysm? erodes the vessel
a. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima. wall.
b. It increases nitric oxide.
c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
d. It obstructs the vessel.
6. Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference a. Inflammation
between healthy vessel walls and those that promote and roughening of
,NURS 3366 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 REVIEWQUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS RATED A.
clot formation? the endothelium of
a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium the artery are pre-
of the artery are present. sent.
b. Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothe-
lium of the artery are present.
c. Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in
the endothelium of the artery are present.
d. Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the
endothelium of the artery are present.
7. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli? a. Deep venous
a. Deep venous thrombosis thrombosis
b. Endocarditis
c. Valvular disease
d. Left heart failure
8. What change in a vein supports the development of b. Damage to the
varicose veins? valves in veins
a. Increase in osmotic pressure
b. Damage to the valves in veins
c. Damage to the venous endothelium
d. Increase in hydrostatic pressure
9. What term is used to identify when a cell is temporar- b. Ischemia
ily deprived of blood supply?
a. Infarction
b. Ischemia
c. Necrosis
d. Inflammation
10. The risk of developing coronary artery disease is b. Hypertension
increased up to threefold by which factor?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypertension
c. Obesity
d. High alcohol consumption
11. Which substance is manufactured by the liver and b. Low-densi-
primarily contains cholesterol and protein? ty lipoproteins
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) (LDLs)
,NURS 3366 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 REVIEWQUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS RATED A.
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
d. Triglycerides
12. Which elevated value may be protective of the devel- c. High-densi-
opment of atherosclerosis? ty lipoproteins
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) (HDLs)
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
d. Triglycerides
13. Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of ather- d. C-reactive pro-
osclerotic plaque? tein (CRP)
a. Homocysteine
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
14. An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels c. Myocardial in-
of troponin, creatine kinase-isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), farction (MI)
and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indica-
tors associated with which condition?
a. Myocardial ischemia
b. Hypertension
c. Myocardial infarction (MI)
d. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
15. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and a. Right heart fail-
elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which form ure
of heart failure may result from pulmonary disease
and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure
16. What is the trigger for angina pectoris? d. Myocardial is-
a. Atherosclerotic lesions chemia
b. Hyperlipidemia
, NURS 3366 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 REVIEWQUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS RATED A.
c. Myocardial necrosis
d. Myocardial ischemia
17. A 72-year-old female has been told by her physician A) "Heart mur-
that she has a new heart murmur that requires her to murs result from
go visit a cardiologist. Upon examination, the cardiol- tumultuous flow
ogist informs the patient that she has aortic stenosis. through a dis-
After the cardiologist has left the room, the patient eased heart valve
asks, "What caused this [aortic stenosis] to happen that is too narrow
now?" The clinic nurse responds and stiff. This flow
a. "Heart murmurs result from tumultuous flow causes a vibration
through a diseased heart valve that is too narrow and called a murmur."
stiff. This flow causes a vibration called a murmur."
b. "Aortic stenosis is commonly seen in elderly pa-
tients. Basically, there is a blockage in the valve that
is causing blood to pool, causing decreased velocity
of flow."
c. "This is caused by a tear in one of the papillary
muscles attached to the valve. They can do a proce-
dure where they thread a catheter into the heart and
reattach the muscle ends."
d. "Because of the high amount of energy it takes
to push blood through the aortic valve to the body,
your valve is just had to work too hard and it is
weakening."
18. A physician is teaching a group of medical students d. "Tension and
about the physiological basis for damage to the circu- vessel thickness
latory and neurological systems that can accompany increase propor-
hypotension. Which of the following responses by a tionately."
student would warrant correction by the physician?
a. "As vessel wall thickness increases, tension de-
creases."
b. "Smaller blood vessels require more pressure to
overcome wall tension."
c. "The smaller the vessel radius, the greater the
pressure needed to keep it open."
d. "Tension and vessel thickness increase propor-
tionately."
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