Persisters - answer✔✔the cells that remain after antibiotics
At what stage does antibiotics no longer kill a cell - answer✔✔stationary phase, cell wall isn't
turning over
Antibiotic resistance - answer✔✔heritable, genetic changes allow bacteria to grow
Antibiotic persistence - answer✔✔non heritable, physiological changes allow survival of a few
slow or non growing cells
Hypoxia - answer✔✔gradual depletion of oxygen leads to a stationary phase, slowed growth and
persistent phenotype
Triggers of persistence - answer✔✔- run out of nutrients (becomes non replicating)
- oxygen deprivation
bacterial cells need to be able to generate... - answer✔✔energy source, carbon source, reducing
power
Intergral membrane proteins - answer✔✔proteins that spam the lipid bilayer
has a specific function
amphipathic protein structure - answer✔✔- hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
- hydrophobic regions interact with lipids
- hydrophilic regions = core of protein
Classes of bacterial active transporters - answer✔✔1) major facilitator (MFS)
2) ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily
3) groups translocation: phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotranferase system (PTS)
3 types of MFS - answer✔✔Uniporter
antiporter
symporter
ABC function - answer✔✔exporter (drug pumps)
importers (solute uptake)
advantages of active transport - answer✔✔1) more competitive for scarce resources
2) rapid response to fluctuating environment
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