NURS 345 Exam 2 Sherpath Review
Questions and Answers
The nurse admits an older person suffering from chronic alcoholism. Based on which
factors would the nurse assess for alteration in total body water (TBW)? ✅Age, Overall
health, Body weight, Gender
An intravascular fluid sample is to be collected from a patient. Based on the location of
this type of fluid, the nurse will inform the patient that the sample will come from what
source? ✅Blood specimen
The nurse is preparing a continuing education class that will include information on body
fluid components. What should be included in the section on solutes? ✅Colloids do not
fully dissolve in a solvent.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a blood disease that has significantly reduced
the number of red blood cells. This places the patient at risk for development of what
type of problem? ✅Oxygenation
A patient's blood test report shows positive for Rh factor and no ABO antigen in the
blood. The nurse anticipates what type of blood for a transfusion on this patient?
✅Type O+ blood
A nurse helping at a community blood drive is explaining about the components of
whole blood. Which components of donated blood can be separated for individual use?
✅Plasma, Albumin, Cryoprecipitate, Red blood cells
The nurse suspects that a patient with heart disease is developing a problem related to
hydrostatic pressure. The nurse is aware that which patient factors control hydrostatic
pressure? ✅The strength of the patient's heart muscle contraction, The patient's heart
rate, The patient's blood pressure
A patient has developed a kidney disorder that has caused an abnormally low level of
plasma protein in the patient's blood. The nurse is aware that this abnormality may have
what effect on the patient's oncotic pressure? ✅This decreases oncotic pressure,
which decreases the amount of water shifting into the blood.
A student nurse is explaining the process of filtration to another student. The
explanation should include which information about the pattern of movement?
✅Filtration is the movement of water and solutes from an area of higher net pressure
to lower net pressure.
,A patient is admitted with a disease that has permanently damaged the posterior
pituitary gland such that antidiuretic hormone is no longer being released. The nurse
understands that this will alter the patient's body water homeostasis in what way?
✅Body water will be lost in large volumes.
A frail, confused older age male patient is admitted with dehydration secondary to
severe vomiting and diarrhea. The patient is continuously calling for a drink of water
even though he is nauseated. The nurse is aware that this patient's constant thirst
stems from what underlying cause? ✅Increased plasma osmolality and decreased
plasma volume.
The student nurse is making flashcards to study for an exam focusing on body fluid
homeostasis. Which information regarding the renin-angiotensin system should be
included on the flashcards? ✅Renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I., The
renin-angiotensin system regulates fluid balance through vasoconstriction and excretion
of sodium and water.
When teaching the importance of hydration to an audience of older persons, what
functions of body fluids does the nurse describe? ✅Lubrication for joints, Body
temperature regulation, Transportation of nutrients within the body, Elimination of waste
products
On the maternity ward, the nurse takes a careful admission and health history with what
understanding of Rh factors? ✅Rh antibodies can develop during pregnancy., Rh
antibodies can develop during a blood transfusion.,If Rh antibodies have developed, a
life-threatening reaction can occur.
Which statements are important for the nurse to know about the filtration process? ✅It
is the movement of water and solutes together., Arterial blood pressure affects
hydrostatic pressure.
Regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance by the renin-angiotensin system occurs
by what processes? ✅Vasoconstriction, Release of aldosterone, Reabsorption of
sodium
The nurse suspects that a patient receiving an IV infusion of D5 0.45% NS is developing
intracellular dehydration and circulatory overload. The nurse is aware that this IV
solution can cause these complications due to what tonicity? ✅It is a hypertonic
solution.
The nurse has become concerned that a patient may be developing a fluid volume
imbalance. Which data reflect the priority assessments that the nurse should monitor on
this patient? ✅The patient's pulse and blood pressure, The patient's weight changes
over the past day, The patient's intake and output balance over the past 48 hours
, The nurse is preparing to tally up a patient's fluid intake at the end of the shift. Which
substances should be included in the fluid intake tally? ✅Nasogastric tube irrigations,
Enteral tube feedings, Free water gastric tube flushes, Intravenous medications
The nurse is tallying up a patient's intake and output at the end of the shift. Which
patient-related data would require entry of fluid output information on the EHR? ✅The
patient has a nasogastric tube attached to wall suction., The patient has a Foley
catheter in place., The patient has a surgical wound drain on his abdomen.
Which of Mrs. Walters' assessments will Julie, her nurse, need to closely monitor as
indicators of changes in her fluid volume status? ✅Vital signs, Daily weights, Intake
and output
The nurse has received a "force fluids" order for a patient with a fluid volume deficit.
Which actions taken by the nurse would be beneficial for meeting the patient's fluid
replacement needs? ✅Ensuring the pitcher of water at the patient bedside is refilled as
required, Providing ways to record intake of fluids to meet required levels, Tapering off
fluid intake so the least amount is ingested before bedtime, Reminding the patient to
drink throughout the day
The nurse is developing a 24-hour fluid budget for a patient with 1000 mL fluid
restriction. The fluid budget will need to include which set of factors? ✅Medications, IV
fluids, Between meal fluid sipping, Breakfast, lunch, and dinner
A patient is on a 1000 mL per day fluid restriction. At 3 pm, the patient has consumed
700 mL. What is the best plan for the remainder of the day to maintain that fluid
restriction? ✅Allow 150 mL with dinner and 150 mL for medications and prior to going
to sleep.
When addressing fluid restriction in a patient with fluid volume excess, what actions
should the nurse take to ensure the patient is responsible and comfortable meeting the
fluid restriction goals? ✅Involve the patient, if possible, and plan to space small
amounts of fluid intake throughout the day.
The nurse is inspecting an infant to identify a suitable IV site. In infants, the most
common location for an IV site is which vein location? ✅The vein in the middle of the
scalp
What are the nurse's responsibilities regarding IV fluid administration? ✅Verify that the
fluid is appropriate for the patient., Evaluate the effectiveness of IV therapy., Monitor the
patient for complications of IV therapy., Comply with the 6 rights of safe medication
administration.
