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SHORT Summary Theory and Practice of Empirical Research - Methods of Research and Intervention (MAN-MOR002)

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Course
Methods of Research and Intervention (MANMOR002)

Institution
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)

Book
Theorie en praktijk van empirisch onderzoek

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Uploaded on August 30, 2024
Number of pages 19
Written in 2023/2024
Type Summary

methods of research intervention

Book Title:Theorie en praktijk van empirisch onderzoek

Author(s):J Vennix

Edition:Unknown
ISBN:9781780160801
Edition:Unknown

Institution
Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
Education
Business Administration
Course
Methods of Research and Intervention (MANMOR002)

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Les 1: Chapter 1 The origins of science

Logic of Inquiry - Logica van onderzoek
Method of inquiry - Methode van onderzoek (science)
Epistemology – the science of knowing; systems of knowledge
Methodology – the science of finding out; procedures for scientific investigation
Biases – prejudice. the degree of disturbance of the received signal
self-fulfilling prophecies - zelfvervullende voorspelling

 Plato: a priori thinking. Aristotle: empirical reality
 Ancient Greek a lot of research before scientific revolution
 Science is learning & knowing about the world (method of inquiry)
assertion needs empirical and logical support
 Science focus on the knowledge of reality by generating new knowledge
systematic (the scientific method)
 Every type of science has an object, BA contains all aspects of
organization, relation within between and its environment
 research has content (what subject) and methodological side (the way).
Methodology ‘’theory behind methods’’ (logic of inquiry)
 learning instrumental & conceptual
 Science -> knowing -> agreement reality (Looking, thinking, knowing) on
working, watching, translation (epistomology)
 Science deals with logic and real world; no metaphysics, belief, opinion,
ethical values
 Shortcoming:
o Overgeneralization
o illogical reasoning
o Inaccurate observation
o Group think
o Selective observation/perception
o (confirmation) Biases
 Authority (right direction, hinder own ideas) & Tradition (stand your
ground, no go areas)
 researchers needs to be curious, sceptic, creative, perseverant, thinking a
lot

,Les 1: Chapter 2 The scientific method

Enumeration = full induction is an ‘’opsomming’’
Context of discovery = the situation ideas are conceived (Induction, Abduction)
Context of justification = evidence explanation is correct (Deduction)
Implicit or mental models = simplified models of the ‘’world’’ around us. To
communicate -> explicit
Explicit or computer models = physical and conceptual (verbal, schematic and
mathematical)
Normative concept of law= what should and what should not (god)
Establishing concept of law= certain pattern or regularity, need to be always true
Experiment = artificial research setting, testing hypothesis
Hypothesesis = tentative, testable, statement predicts finding empirical data (not
facts but relations)
Theory = facts and statements ordered logical end consistent. Not empirically
verifiable. Conclusions (hypotheses) are
Theoretical concepts = gravity, electromagnetic field

Deductive Logic and research Inductive Logic and research

a) All humans are mortal a) I have seen a number of trees
b) Dutch people are human b) All those trees have green
c) Dutch people are mortal leaves
c) All trees have green leaves

 Deduction reasoning is syllogism =  Induction problem in science:
universal (general) / individual / observation influenced,
specific interpretation, limited number of
 Two premises (P) and conclusion observations
(C)  it’s almost impossible to observe
 Logical reasoning -> all subjects, therefore there may
Modus Ponens = If p then q, p always be a possibility of
holds, therefore q disproving the empirical
Modus Tollens = If p then q, not q, generalization
therefore not p  David Hume -> Not certain
 In mathematics, geometry and statements about unobserved
logic situations
 Francis Bacon -> One should
observe all different forms
 In economics, sociology and
natural (often)

,  Induction and abduction leads to new knowledge. Deduction
test/evaluate theory
 Abduction starts with observation or empirical generalization then
hypothesis confirmed trough deduction
 Induction and abduction leads to new knowledge. Deduction
test/evaluate theory
 Scientific revolution -> scientific method (observe pattern, hypotheses,
test one by one, conclusion)

Figure 1. ''The wheel of science'' Empirical Cycle

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SHORT Summary Theory and Practice of Empirical Research - Methods of Research and Intervention (MAN-MOR002)

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