NR 245 Exam 1 Study Guide with Questions and Answers
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Course
NUR 245
Institution
NUR 245
Acute illness - Generally, has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time - Usually reversable · Ex: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold
Chronic illness - A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health - Usually has a slow o...
NR 245 Exam 1 Study Guide with
Questions and Answers
Acute illness ✅- Generally, has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively
short time
- Usually reversable
· Ex: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold
Chronic illness ✅- A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental
alterations in health
- Usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission and exacerbation
· Ex: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis, lupus
Factors affecting health and illness ✅- Basic human needs
- The human dimensions
- Self-concept
- Risk factors for illness or injury
>>the nurse must understand how these factors influence behavior in both healthy and
ill patients in order to plan and provide holistic care
Factors inhibiting sensitivity ✅1. Stereotyping: generalizing a stigma or idea about
someone
2. Cultural imposition (my way or the highway)
3. Cultural blindness: we are all the same
4. Cultural conflict:
5. Purposeful or implicit bias
Development of the Older Adult: Physiologic ✅all organ systems undergo some
degree of decline, body less efficient
Development of the Older Adult: Cognitive ✅does not change appreciably, may take
longer to respond and react
Development of the Older Adult: Psychosocial ✅self-concept is relatively stable
throughout adult life
Development of the Older Adult: Disengagement Theory ✅an older adult may
substitute activities but does disengage from society
Common Concerns of Older Adulthood ✅- Physical strength and health
- Retirement and reduced income
, - Health of spouse
- Relating to one's age group
- Social roles
- Living arrangements
- Family and role reversal
When developing the following with the elderly patient...consider the following: ✅-
Chronic illness limits activities in almost half of older adults
- Meeting expenses of health care is often difficult( medication costs, hospitalization
costs, and costs of special equipment and supplies)
- Special diets
- Family members must learn to cope with needs of the ill person
- Family members must adapt to psychological stressors
Polypharmacy ✅Use of many medications at the same time
Causes of Accidental Injuries in Older Adults ✅- Changes in vision and hearing
- Loss of mass and strength of muscles (this we can change)
- Slower reflexes and reaction time
- Decreased sensory ability (less proficient)
- Combined effects of chronic illness and medications
- Economic factors
Dementia ✅impairing cognitive function; vascular component; could be due to
something such as hypertension
Delirium ✅disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, illusions, and
incoherence of thought and speech
Depression ✅prolonged episode of sadness; no longer find enjoyment or courage to
perform daily tasks
Alziemers ✅form of dementia; due to plaque buildup in brain; occurs in older adult
Sundowing syndrome ✅become restless and wander after sundown
Cascade iatrogenesis ✅serial development of multiple medical complications
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