100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers $10.49   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Pathophysiology
  4.  
  5. Pathophysiology

Exam (elaborations)

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers
 14 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Pathophysiology
  • Institution
  • Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers The nurse is counseling a heavy smoker about the dangers of smoking. The nurse tells the smoker that the due to persistent irritation of the lungs from carcinogens, columnar cells may turn into squamous cells as a method of adapta...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 23  pages

Document information

  • August 30, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • the nurse is counseling a heavy smoker about the d
  • a patient is admitted with an alteration in arteri
  • which of the following statements is true concerni

Written for

  • Pathophysiology
  • Pathophysiology

Seller

avatar-seller
Winfred

Reviews received

Content preview

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions with 100%
Verified Correct Answers
The nurse is counseling a heavy smoker about the dangers of smoking. The nurse tells the smoker
that the due to persistent irritation of the lungs from carcinogens, columnar cells may turn into
squamous cells as a method of adaptation known as which of the following? - Correct Answer
Metaplasia

Metaplasia usually occurs in response to chronic irritation and inflammation and allows for
substitution of cells that are better able to survive under circumstances in which a more fragile cell
type might succumb. An example of metaplasia is the adaptive substitution of stratified squamous
epithelial cells for the ciliated columnar epithelial cells in the trachea and large airways of a habitual
cigarette smoker.



A patient is admitted with an alteration in arterial blood gases. Cellular injury is most likely to result
from which of the following aspects of this abnormality? - Correct Answer Hypoxia

Lack of oxygen or hypoxia is a common cause of cell injury. Hypocapnea, alkalemia, and hypercapnea
are not typical mechanisms of injury. The other common major mechanisms of cell injury are free
radical formation, adenosine triphosphate depletion and disruption of intracellular calcium
homeostasis.



Which of the following statements is true concerning hyperplasia? - Correct Answer It's a response to
stimulus



Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ, not the size of cells, and is the response
to a stimulus that is a controlled process that occurs in response to an appropriate stimulus.



In a genetic disorder called xeroderma pigmentosum, an enzyme needed to repair sunlight-induced
DNA damage is lacking. This autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by what? - Correct Answer
Extreme photosensitivity and a greatly increased risk of skin cancer in skin that has been exposed to
the sun



Which of the following statements would a nurse tell a patient to best describe apoptosis? - Correct
Answer "Apoptosis is the natural removal of injured or worn out cells."

Apoptosis refers to natural cell death via the body's programmed removal of inured or worn out
cells. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells, and hypertrophy is an increase in the size of
cells. Necrosis is cell death of irreversibly damaged cell death or tissue which usually interferes with
cell replacement and tissue regeneration.

,Which of the following would help a nurse best describe a finding of hypertrophy on a lab report? -
Correct Answer Increased size of the cell



Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of the cell.



Which of the following factors can increase the absorption of lead into a patient's system? - Correct
Answer Decreased calcium levels in the blood



A deficiency in calcium, iron, or zinc increases lead absorption.



Which of the following exemplifies physiologic hypertrophy? - Correct Answer Muscle mass increase
with exercise



Hypertrophy that occurs as the result of normal physiologic conditions is seen as muscle mass
increases with exercise. Heart size increase in hypertension is an example of pathologic increase, as is
lung size increase in emphysema and cell increase with hypoxia.



A patient with pulmonary hypertension has hypertrophy of the heart's right ventricle. Which of the
following explanations is appropriate to tell the patient? - Correct Answer "The cells enlarge in your
heart from the increased workload."



Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size due to increased work demands. A client with pulmonary
hypertension has increased pressure in the lungs, which the right side of the heart must pump
against. The increased work causes cells to increase in size.



The nurse in an infectious-disease clinic will primarily treat injuries to tissues and cells caused by: -
Correct Answer biologic agents



Injury from biologic agents derives from bacterial and viral infections. The injuries differ from the
other forms because they are able to replicate and can continue to produce their injurious effects.
The etiology of infections does not normally include oncogenic agents, chemical agents, or
calcifications



A client's condition has resulted in a decrease in work demands of most cells in the body; the
anticipated result would be: - Correct Answer Decreased size of organelles

, Explanation:

Cell atrophy results in a decreased number and size of cell organelles. With cell atrophy, the cell has
decreased oxygen consumption and growth of the mitochondria. The cell decreases in size. When
confronted with a decrease in work demands or adverse environmental conditions, most cells are
able to revert to a smaller size and a lower and more efficient level of functioning that is compatible
with survival. This decrease in cell size is called atrophy. Cellular death process is not affected.



A client with diabetes who is diagnosed with a gangrenous right heel ulcer presents with a wound
that has no line of demarcation, is spreading rapidly, and has a foul odor. The health care worker
recognizes these manifestations as: - Correct Answer Moist gangrene



Explanation:

In moist gangrene, there is no line of demarcation between the normal and diseased tissues, and the
spread of tissue damage is rapid. Moist gangrene often results in a foul odor caused by bacterial
action at the site. Dry gangrene has a clear demarcation and spreads slowly. Gas and internal
gangrene do not apply to this client's symptoms.



Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan of care for the parents of a child
diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease? - Correct Answer The disorder involves accumulation of abnormal
lipids.



Explanation:

In Tay-Sachs disease, a genetic disorder, abnormal lipids accumulate in the brain and other tissues,
causing motor and mental deterioration beginning at approximately 6 months of age, followed by
death at 2 to 5 years of age.



What happens as a cell's workload declines? Select all that apply. - Correct Answer Oxygen
consumption decreases.

Protein synthesis decreases.

Cell size decreases.



Explanation:

As the cell's workload declines, oxygen consumption decreases, protein synthesis decreases, and cell
size decreases. Insulin levels do not increase, and energy expenditure would decrease.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Winfred. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart