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HOSA Pathophysiology Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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HOSA Pathophysiology Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions pathology - Correct Answer the scientific study of disease asymptomatic - Correct Answer without symptoms syndrome - Correct Answer A group of symptoms typical of a particular disease or condition symptoms - Correct Answer subj...

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  • August 30, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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HOSA Pathophysiology Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions
pathology - Correct Answer the scientific study of disease



asymptomatic - Correct Answer without symptoms



syndrome - Correct Answer A group of symptoms typical of a particular disease or condition



symptoms - Correct Answer subjective findings



signs - Correct Answer objective findings



predisposing factors - Correct Answer risk factors; make a person vulnerable to a disease



chronic - Correct Answer A condition that develops slowly and lasts a long period of time



acute - Correct Answer A condition with a rapid onset with a short course (less than 6 months)
ending in recovery or death



pathogenesis - Correct Answer the stages of development of a disease



C-reactive protein - Correct Answer protein produced by the liver, levels of CRP increase when
inflammation is present in the body; a blood test can be done to detect inflammation in the body



Widespread inflammation - Correct Answer marked by systemic symptoms, such as fever, malaise,
and loss of appetite, elevated white blood cells



ESR - Correct Answer Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; measures the rate that red blood cells fall to
the bottom of a tube in mm/hr. Rate is higher w/ autoimmune disorders. Measures amount of
inflammation in the body, can be used to help with diagnoses.



Acute inflammation - Correct Answer a normal, protective physiologic response to tissue injury and
disease; is accompanied by redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function

,ischemia - Correct Answer holding back/obstructing the flow of blood



exudative response/ inflammation exudate - Correct Answer attempts to wall off, or destroy, and
digest bacteria and dead/foreign material; this in tissues causes swelling and the excess fluid puts
pressure on tissue and nerve endings, causing pain.



phagocytic - Correct Answer the process in which cells surround and digest certain particles



Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Correct Answer "superbug" that is to
blame for aggressive skin & soft tissue infections, quickly developing into abscesses and cellulitis;
sometimes called "flesh-eating bacteria".



autosomes - Correct Answer the 22 remaining pairs of chromosomes



genotype - Correct Answer an organism's genetic makeup



karyotype - Correct Answer a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape



phenotype - Correct Answer an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.



autosomal dominant - Correct Answer the gene in question is located on an autosome & the mutant
phenotype is seen even if a normal gene is present (eg- Huntington's and Marfan's syndrome)



autosomal recessive - Correct Answer gene located on an autosome but is insufficient to produce
mutant phenotype unless both genes are inherited (eg- cystic fibrosis & phenylketonuria).



X-linked (sex linked) - Correct Answer recessive; the gene is located only on the X chromosome: more
common in males. (eg- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and hemophilia A).



neoplasm - Correct Answer A new growth of different or abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or wart;
can be benign or malignant



cancer - Correct Answer a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation

, carcinoma - Correct Answer cancer of the epithelial cells



sarcoma - Correct Answer cancer of the supportive tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle.



leukemia - Correct Answer cancer of the blood-forming organs. Bone marrow, spleen, lymph system,
characterized by abnormal increase of WBCs



melanoma - Correct Answer cancer of the melanin-producing cells of the body (skin cancer)



benign tumors - Correct Answer slow growth by expansion, encapsulated; cells adhere to e/o; well
differentiated & resemble origin; remain localized, no destruction, no hemorrhage, may be smooth
and movable, rare recurrence



malignant tumor - Correct Answer rapid growth & invasive; not differentiated & abnormal; ulceration
& necrosis & hemorrhage: often recur.



metastasis - Correct Answer spreading of a malignant disease or pathogenic microbe from one organ
or part to another not directly connected to it.



cancer stage - Correct Answer reflects tumor size and extent of tumor spread: helps determine
choice of treatment options and prognosis; method that institutions use to communicate patient
information for standardization.



neoadjuvant therapy - Correct Answer administered to preoperatively shrink the tumor to facilitate
surgical removal of a tumor.



ablation - Correct Answer the removal, especially of organs, abnormal growths, or harmful
substances, from the body by mechanical means, as by surgery.



oncogenes - Correct Answer a gene in a virus that can prompt a cell to turn malignant



immune disorders may generate one of three effects: - Correct Answer hypersensitivity (allergy),
autoimmune diseases(immune system is overactive and kills its own cells), immunodeficiency
disorders (immune system is absent or reduced activity)

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