100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Samenvatting Farmacologie partim I $19.44   Add to cart

Summary

Samenvatting Farmacologie partim I

 1 view  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

Samenvatting van het volledige eerste deel van farmacologie. Dit deel wordt gegeven door professor Guns, samen met de studierichtingen farmacie en biomedische. Op de eerste 2 pagina's is de inhoudstafel terug te vinden. Op het einde van het document zitten zowel de voorbeeldvragen als antwoorden di...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 61  pages

  • August 30, 2024
  • 61
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Inhoudsopgave

= geneesmiddelenleer ............................................................................................................................................................... 3

1. Farmacodynamiek................................................................................................................................................................. 3
PK & PD bepalen biologisch effect.................................................................................................................................................. 3
Geneesmiddelen ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Aangrijpingspunten van geneesmiddelen ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Receptoren ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Verschillende klassen ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Basisprincipes van receptor interacties .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Agonist binding .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Antagonisten ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8

2. Farmacokinetiek ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Passage door membranen............................................................................................................................................................ 11
ADME ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Farmacokinetische analyse en modellen ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Herhaalde toediening ................................................................................................................................................................... 19

3. Individuele variatie in GM-response .................................................................................................................................... 20
Oorzaken van individuele variatie ................................................................................................................................................ 20

4. Chemische transmissie en autonoom zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................. 22
Autonoom zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................................................................... 22

5. Cholinerg systeem ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
Cholinerge neurotransmissie ........................................................................................................................................................ 23

6. Noradrenerge neurotransmissie .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Adrenerge synthese ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Adrenerge receptoren .................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Adrenerge effecten ....................................................................................................................................................................... 29
α - receptor medicatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Beta receptor medicamenteus ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Overzicht receptormedicatie ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
Levenscyclus NA/A........................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Indirecte sympathicomimetica ..................................................................................................................................................... 33

7. Andere mediatoren ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonine) ...................................................................................................................................... 34
Purines .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Stikstofoxide (NO)......................................................................................................................................................................... 36

8. Lokale hormonen, ontsteking en allergie ............................................................................................................................. 38
Inflammatie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Histamine ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

, Eicosanoïden ................................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Bradykinine (BK) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 41

9. Anti-inflammatoire en immunosuppressieve farmaca ......................................................................................................... 42
NSAID ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Glucocorticoïden (nucleaire receptoren) ...................................................................................................................................... 44
DMARD’s ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Immunosuppressiva ..................................................................................................................................................................... 47

10. Hemostase ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Trombotische aandoeningen ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Bloedplaatjes ................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
Stollingscascade en farmaca ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
Het fibrinolytisch systeem ............................................................................................................................................................ 56

, Farmacologie: partim I

= geneesmiddelenleer
- Farmacodynamiek
o “Hoe werkt een geneesmiddel (GM) in organisme?”
- Farmacokinetiek:
o “Wat doet een organisme met een GM?”
o Hoe komt het op de plaats waar het moet werken?


1. Farmacodynamiek

PK & PD bepalen biologisch effect

- Farmacokinetiek bepaalt wat er met de concentratie gebeurt
- Farmacodynamie: concentratie vh geneesmiddel thvh doelwit,
receptor --> hoe meer concentratie hoe groter effect
o Sigmoidale S curve
ð Samen: We hebben een bepaald effect van een geneesmiddel in
functie van de tijd




Geneesmiddelen

Ontwikkeling
- Kostelijk proces dat enkele jaren duurt: 1 à 2 miljard euro
- Verschillende fases


Wat is een geneesmiddel?
- Conventionele geneesmiddelen
o Kleine chemische moleculen (400g/mol)
o Bv. aspirine of statine
o Vooral over dedeze lesgeven
- Biologicals
o Bv insuline, antilichamen
o Voor immunologische ziekte of kankertherapie
o Veel grotere moleculen --> parenteraal toedienen (= via injectie: SC of IV)
o Kunnen heel specifiek met doelwit interageren


Aangrijpingspunten van geneesmiddelen

Specifiek via
- Via receptoren
- Ion kanalen
- Opnamesystemen
- Enzymen
- (Gentherapie)

, Niet specifiek
- Klassiek grotere hoeveelheden nodig
- Fysisch - chemische werking
- Bv
o Antacida: geven bij verhoogde zuurproductie --
> neutraliseert zuur: zouten toevoegen
§ Andere geneesmiddelen bv alginat leggen
beschermende laag op maagwand
§ Rechtstreeks inwerken op pariëtale cel
mbv antihistaminica of pompinhibitie
o Bulklaxativa
o Osmotische diuretica
o Actieve koolstof
o Plasmavervangers


Chemische selectiviteit
- Moleculen nemen bepaalde ruimte in
- Kunnen mooi op receptor binden --> ‘sleutel die op zen slot past’
- Als je 1 AZ afsplitst van angiotensie II krijg je de inactieve vorm want past niet meer in het ‘sleutelgat’
o 8AZ => 7 AZ = inactief
o L-AZ => D-AZ = inactief
ð Selectiviteit hangt sterk af van de ruimtelijke conformatie


Biologische specificiteit
- Angiotensine II werkt in op angiotensine II receptoren die voorkomen op bloedvaten, maar niet op GI systeem
- AGII-antagonisten gaan geen ongewenste effecten op GI systeem --> dankzij de biologische selectiviteit


Inwerking op receptoren
- Voor receptor:
o Activeren = agonist (direct of indirect)
o Inverse agonist
o Blokkeren = antagonist
- Voor ionkanalen: blokkers ó modulatoren
- Voor enzymen: inhibitor ó prodrug ó valse substraten
- Voor transport: normaal ó inhibitor ó valse substraat
==> maar veel geneesmiddelen die foute naam gekregen hebben: bv beta blokkers maar is receptor


Receptoren

Meeste zitten in plasmamembraan: signalen
capteren buiten cel en omzetten naar signalen
binnen cel

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Lauuu. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $19.44. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

73314 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$19.44
  • (0)
  Add to cart