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AP Psychology Unit 8 Reviewed questions with correct answers.
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AP Psychology Unit 8 Reviewedquestions with correct answers.
Motivation is defined by psychologists as ANS - C a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
toward a goal.
Which theory has been accused of simply naming rather than explaining behaviors? ANS - D instinct
A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called
a(n) ANS - C instinct.
Which theory of motivation most clearly emphasizes the importance of genetic predispositions? ANS - B
instinct theory
An instinctive behavior is one that is ANS - D unlearned.
It is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of ANS - E an instinct.
It is characteristic of bears to hibernate. This behavior is an example of ANS - B an instinct.
Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be a human instinct. ANS - A infant
sucking
Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children. He
obviously believes that aggression is a(n) ANS - C instinct.
Like evolutionary psychology, instinct theory most clearly assumed that behavior is influenced by ANS -
D genetic predispositions.
,Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation. These include an
emphasis on instincts, optimum arousal, a hierarchy of motives, and ANS - A drive reduction.
A need refers to ANS - A a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.
Which of the following refers to a physiological state that usually triggers a state of motivational
arousal? ANS - A need
An aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a physiological need is called a(n) ANS - C drive.
A drive refers to ANS - C an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need.
For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce ANS - B a drive.
Lack of body fluids is to thirst as ________ is to ________. ANS - B need; drive
Food deprivation is to ________ as hunger is to ________. ANS - C need; drive
The term homeostasis literally means ANS - C "staying the same."
Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as ANS - D the body's tendency to maintain
a constant internal state.
The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as ANS - C homeostasis.
When we are too hot, we perspire in order to lower our body temperature and thereby ANS - C
maintain homeostasis.
Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation? ANS - B drive-
reduction theory
,An incentive is a ANS - C positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called ANS - B incentives.
The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of ANS - D incentives.
The influence of personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires can most clearly be seen
in the influence of ________ on motivation. ANS - C incentives
Internal push is to external pull as ________ is to ________. ANS - E need; incentive
On some football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their
helmets. This practice best illustrates the use of ANS - C incentives.
Lack of body fluids is to cold water as ________ is to ________. ANS - A need; incentive
Which of the following is clearly NOT an example of an incentive? ANS - E dehydration
Which of the following is most clearly NOT an example of an incentive? ANS - C a low blood glucose
level
Victims of a famine will often eat unappetizing and nutritionally poor foods simply to relieve their
constant hunger. Their behavior is best explained in terms of ANS - C drive-reduction theory.
The smell of chocolate chip cookies draws you into the kitchen to eat some. Which theory best
explains your motivation? ANS - C incentive
Shawn loves to snowboard. He enjoys performing aerial tricks after launching off high jumps. The
, higher in the air he goes and the farther he travels, the better. Which theory best explains Shawn's
motivation to snowboard? ANS - D optimum arousal
Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas
of an experimental maze where they receive mild electrical shocks? ANS - A arousal theory
The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for explaining an infant's urge to ANS - D
explore.
The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of ANS - D
boredom
Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror
movies? ANS - D arousal theory
The idea that one should be alert but not overly aroused to perform best on a test is most closely
related to which of the following? ANS - E the Yerkes-Dodson law
In which of the following situations would you perform best with lower levels of arousal? ANS - C A task
that you find difficult.
Professor Sanford explains that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will be
motivated to form close friendships with fellow citizens. Professor Sanford is providing an example
of ANS - B a hierarchy of motives.
The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for ANS
- D food and drink.
According to Maslow, our need for ANS - B adequate clothing must be met before we are preoccupied
with satisfying our need
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