Class notes
Colleges leerjaar 2 blok 10
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting van de colleges van fysiotherapie aan de Hogeschool Rotterdam in leerjaar 2 blok 10.
[Show more]
1 review
By: jessieweegenaar • 4 year ago
Seller
Follow
fysiotherapiehogeschoolrotterdam
Reviews received
Content preview
Colleges jaar 2 blok 10College 1 – pathofysiologie COPD & diagnostiek
Definition and overview
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmary Disease is a common, preventable and treatable disease
that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is
duet o airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to
noxious particles or gases
o Veel voorkomend, maar te voorkomen blijkbaar leefstijl geindiceerd
o Behandelbaar
o Komt door blootstelling aan schadelijke deeltjes of gassen
- The most common respiratory syptoms include dysnpea, cough and/or sputum
production. These symptoms may be under-reported by patients
o Vaak dyspneu, hoesten en sputum
o Patiënten geven het niet vaak aan
- The main risk factor for COPD is tobacco smoking but other environmental exposures
such as biomass fuel exposure and air pollution may contribute
o Komt vooral door roken
o Ook door omgeving vervuilde lucht
- Besides exposures, host factors predispose individuals to develop COPD. These include
genetic abnormalities, abnormal lung development and accelaerated aging
o Genetisch ook van belang
- COPD may be punctuated by periods of acute worsening of respiratory symptoms,
calles exacerbations
o Exarcebaties en longaanval zijn ‘slechte periodes’
- In most patients, COPD is associated with significant concomitant chronic diseases
which increase its morbidity and mortality
o Ontwikkelen vaak ook meerdere ziektes
Hart- en vaatziekten
Pathofysiologie
- COPD comprises pathological changes in four different compartments of the lungs
(central airways, peripheral airways, lung parenchyma and pulmonary vasculature),
which are variably present in individuals with the disease.
o In verschillende delen vinden veranderingen plaats waardoor problemen
onstaan
- Airflow limitation in COPD is caused by the presence of an inflammatory cellular
infiltrate in the small airways, remodeling and thickening of the airway wall.
o Uiteindelijk beperking in luchtstroom door ontstekingsprocessen
- The destruction of alveoli and enlargement of airspaces, which are anatomical
hallmarks of emphysema, contribute to the loss of elastic recoil and the loss of outward
traction on the small airways, leading to their collapse on expiration. These result in
airflow obstruction, air trapping and hyperinflation.
o Verlies van alveoli zorgt voor toename totale longoppervlak, maar minder
diffusie oppervlak
o Zorgt voor problemen in expiratie ‘mensen gaan zich opblazen’
- In general, the inflammatory and structural changes in the airways increase with
disease severity and persist even after smoking cessation.
, o Ontstekingsprocessen zorgt voor structurele veranderingen
Reminder: luchtwegvertakkingen
1. Trachea
2. Bronchien
3. Bronchiolie
4. Terminale bronchiën
5. Alveoli (longblaasjes) (23e vertakking)
Pathofysiologie: de basis
- Schadelijke gassen komen op binnenste bekleding (mucus)
o Mucus vangt dit normaal op, en zorgt via haartjes dat het weg gaat
- Door toename schadelijke gassen, reageert epitheel en is er schade
o Epitheel wordt dikker
o Diameter wordt kleiner
- Slijmbekercellen reageren ook
o Maken normaal mucus
o Worden overactief dikkere laag mucus en dus ook zwaarder
Trilharen kunnen zware mucus niet meer transporteren
Steeds meer slijm in luchtwegen waar bacteriën kunnen gaan
‘broeien’
Pathofysiologie
- Centrale en perifere luchtwegen
o Vanaf 15e vertakking vindt gasuitwisseling plaats, daarna steeds meer
Astma valt niet onder COPD
- Dan is zowel de inademing als de uitademing bemoeilijkt
- Spiertjes om luchtwegen heen spannen continu aan
- Ventolin zorgt voor ontspanning van die spiertjes
- Bij astma zijn je luchtwegen niet blijvend beschadigd reversibel
Normaal stevige structuur in alveoli
- Bij COPD niet minder diffusieoppervlak (=emfyseem)
Pathofysiologie:
- Lung parenchyma & pulmonary vasculature
o “The destruction of alveoli and enlargement of airspaces, which are anatomical
hallmarks of emphysema, contribute to the loss of elastic recoil and the loss of
outward traction on the small airways, leading to their collapse on expiration.
These result in airflow obstruction, air trapping and hyperinflation.”
Pathofysiologie: airflow limitation in COPD is caused by the presence of an inflammatory
cellular infiltrate in the small airways, remodelling and thickening of the airway wall.
- Inademen gaat goedspiertjes ontspannen
- Uitademen niet te smalle luchtwegdiameter
o Mensen zijn zich aan het opblazen
COPD – tekens en symptomen
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller fysiotherapiehogeschoolrotterdam. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.24. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now