TAMU MGMT 309 Exam 4 (Wesner) Graded A+
Key Concepts in Management Psychology
Psychological Contract
- Definition: The expectations held by an individual regarding their contributions to the organization and
what the organization will reciprocate.
Contributions and Inducements
- Contributions: What individuals provide to the organization (e.g., effort, ability, loyalty, skills, time,
competencies).
- Inducements: What the organization offers in return (e.g., rewards, recognition, benefits).
Person-Job Fit
- Definition: The alignment between an individual’s contributions and the inducements provided by the
organization.
Individual Differences
- Definition: Personal attributes that differ from one person to another.
Personality
- Definition: A set of relatively permanent psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish
individuals.
The "Big Five" Personality Traits
1. Agreeableness: Ability to get along with others.
2. Conscientiousness: Goal-oriented focus and organizational skills.
3. Negative Emotionality: Degree of calmness and resilience.
4. Extraversion: Comfort level with social interactions and relationships.
5. Openness: Willingness to consider new ideas and flexibility in beliefs.
,Locus of Control
- Definition: Beliefs regarding control over life events.
- Internal Locus of Control: Belief that one controls their own destiny.
- External Locus of Control: Belief that external forces dictate outcomes.
Self-Efficacy
- Definition: Beliefs about one's capabilities to perform tasks.
Authoritarianism and Machiavellianism
- Authoritarianism: Belief in proper power and status differences in organizations.
- Machiavellianism: Behavior directed at gaining and controlling power over others.
Self-Esteem
- Definition: Belief in one’s own worth and value.
Risk Propensity
- Definition: Willingness to take risks and make decisions in uncertain situations.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
- Definition: The ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions while also being able
to empathize with others.
- Components:
- Self-awareness: Recognizing one’s own emotional state.
- Managing Emotions: Calibrating feelings to avoid overwhelming responses.
- Motivating Oneself: Maintaining optimism despite setbacks.
- Empathy: Understanding others' feelings without being told.
- Social Skills: Building and maintaining positive relationships.
, Attitudes
- Definition: Complex sets of beliefs and feelings about ideas, situations, or people.
Cognitive Dissonance
- Definition: The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting attitudes.
Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment
- Job Satisfaction: Degree of gratification from work.
- Organizational Commitment: Attachment to and identification with the organization.
Positive and Negative Affectivity
- Positive Affectivity: Tendency to be optimistic and in a good mood.
- Negative Affectivity: Tendency to be pessimistic and in a bad mood.
Perception
- Definition: The process by which individuals interpret sensory information.
- Selective Perception: Filtering out uncomfortable or contradictory information.
Stress
- Definition: Response to strong stimuli known as stressors.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Stages:
1. Alarm: Initial reaction to a stressor.
2. Resistance: Efforts to confront and control the stress.
3. Exhaustion: Extended exposure results in physical and emotional fatigue.
Personality Types
- Type A: Highly competitive, works excessively hard, and feels a constant sense of urgency.
Key Concepts in Management Psychology
Psychological Contract
- Definition: The expectations held by an individual regarding their contributions to the organization and
what the organization will reciprocate.
Contributions and Inducements
- Contributions: What individuals provide to the organization (e.g., effort, ability, loyalty, skills, time,
competencies).
- Inducements: What the organization offers in return (e.g., rewards, recognition, benefits).
Person-Job Fit
- Definition: The alignment between an individual’s contributions and the inducements provided by the
organization.
Individual Differences
- Definition: Personal attributes that differ from one person to another.
Personality
- Definition: A set of relatively permanent psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish
individuals.
The "Big Five" Personality Traits
1. Agreeableness: Ability to get along with others.
2. Conscientiousness: Goal-oriented focus and organizational skills.
3. Negative Emotionality: Degree of calmness and resilience.
4. Extraversion: Comfort level with social interactions and relationships.
5. Openness: Willingness to consider new ideas and flexibility in beliefs.
,Locus of Control
- Definition: Beliefs regarding control over life events.
- Internal Locus of Control: Belief that one controls their own destiny.
- External Locus of Control: Belief that external forces dictate outcomes.
Self-Efficacy
- Definition: Beliefs about one's capabilities to perform tasks.
Authoritarianism and Machiavellianism
- Authoritarianism: Belief in proper power and status differences in organizations.
- Machiavellianism: Behavior directed at gaining and controlling power over others.
Self-Esteem
- Definition: Belief in one’s own worth and value.
Risk Propensity
- Definition: Willingness to take risks and make decisions in uncertain situations.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
- Definition: The ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions while also being able
to empathize with others.
- Components:
- Self-awareness: Recognizing one’s own emotional state.
- Managing Emotions: Calibrating feelings to avoid overwhelming responses.
- Motivating Oneself: Maintaining optimism despite setbacks.
- Empathy: Understanding others' feelings without being told.
- Social Skills: Building and maintaining positive relationships.
, Attitudes
- Definition: Complex sets of beliefs and feelings about ideas, situations, or people.
Cognitive Dissonance
- Definition: The discomfort experienced when holding conflicting attitudes.
Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment
- Job Satisfaction: Degree of gratification from work.
- Organizational Commitment: Attachment to and identification with the organization.
Positive and Negative Affectivity
- Positive Affectivity: Tendency to be optimistic and in a good mood.
- Negative Affectivity: Tendency to be pessimistic and in a bad mood.
Perception
- Definition: The process by which individuals interpret sensory information.
- Selective Perception: Filtering out uncomfortable or contradictory information.
Stress
- Definition: Response to strong stimuli known as stressors.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Stages:
1. Alarm: Initial reaction to a stressor.
2. Resistance: Efforts to confront and control the stress.
3. Exhaustion: Extended exposure results in physical and emotional fatigue.
Personality Types
- Type A: Highly competitive, works excessively hard, and feels a constant sense of urgency.
