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IPE 2100 Final
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IPE 2100 Final UK National Health Service (NHS) - Description: The NHS is a national healthcare service covering everyone, managed by the central government. - Established: Founded in 1948, it is the largest employer in Europe. Canadian Healthcare Funding - Management: Healthcare funding in ...

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  • August 30, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • IPE 2100
  • IPE 2100

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IPE 2100 Final


UK National Health Service (NHS)

- Description: The NHS is a national healthcare service covering everyone, managed by the central
government.

- Established: Founded in 1948, it is the largest employer in Europe.



Canadian Healthcare Funding

- Management: Healthcare funding in Canada is managed at the provincial level, with each province
administering its own system.



Swiss Healthcare Challenge

- Issue: Switzerland faces a shortage of healthcare providers, affecting service delivery.



Primary Care Provider in South Africa

- Healthcare Journey: In South Africa, the healthcare journey typically begins with a primary care
provider, who acts as the first point of contact in the healthcare system.



Recommendations for US Healthcare System Improvement ✔️

1. Collaborate across professions with equitable pay for all providers.

2. Ensure that everyone has the right to affordable healthcare.



Historical Evolution of Healthcare

1. Middle Ages:

- Healthcare roles included barber-surgeons who cut hair, treated cataracts, performed bloodletting,
extracted teeth, healed war wounds, amputated limbs, cauterized bleeds, and sold medicines.



2. Striped Pole:

, - Barber-surgeons would hang bandages on a pole outside their establishment after operations,
symbolizing their services (red for blood, white for bandages). The twirling bandages created a spiral
pattern.



3. Renaissance:

- The introduction of the scientific method allowed for knowledge acquisition based on observation
and evidence. Key inventions included the microscope, which facilitated the study of human anatomy.



4. Industrial Revolution:

- Marked by advancements including the understanding of capillaries, the invention of the
stethoscope, and recognition of the connection between health and environmental factors. Vaccinations
and sterilization practices were developed to prevent infections.



5. Modern Times:

- The patient-provider relationship evolved, with a shift in hospitals seen as institutions for healing
rather than dying. Advancements in engineering and technology led to breakthroughs like antibiotics, X-
rays, organ transplants, and in vitro fertilization.



6. War/Military Medicine:

- Acts as a catalyst for innovations in nursing, rehabilitation, prosthetics, screening, and addressing
health disparities such as traumatic brain injury and mental health issues.



7. Pandemics/Public Health:

- Prompted advancements in epidemiology, hygiene, vaccine development, antibiotic use, and
approaches to PTSD.



Healthcare Pioneers

- Historical figures in healthcare often faced hostility and distrust but advanced their ideas with
determination despite the challenges.



Healthcare Models

1. Beveridge Model:

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