Accounting
The gadget of recording, reporting, and summarizing beyond monetary information and
transactions.
Accounts Receivable Turnover (AR Turnover)
An hobby ratio determined through credit sales divided by means of bills receivable.
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Brainpower
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Activity Ratios
A category of ratios that measure how properly a agency makes use of its belongings to
generate income or coins, showing the firm's operational efficiency and profitability.
Additional Funds Needed (AFN)
Another call for the discretionary financing wanted or external financing needed. It represents
the extra financing needed given a company's expectations for destiny increase.
Affirmative Covenants
A bond covenant that describes matters the company pledges itself to do with a purpose to
guard bondholders.
Agency Costs
,Costs which can be incurred whilst management does now not act within the exceptional
interest of shareholders.
Agency Problem
When the agent (the management) does now not act inside the fine hobby of the principle (the
proprietors).
Aggressive Assets
Companies or securities with beta greater than 1.
Annual Percentage Rate
The annual hobby rate this is charged for borrowing cash or this is earned through funding.
Annuity Due
A collection of same payments made at the start of consecutive intervals.
Annuity
A stream of coins flows of an same quantity paid each consecutive period.
Asset Pricing
The manner of valuing assets.
Auction Market
A secondary market with a bodily place and where costs are determined with the aid of traders'
willingness to pay.
Average Collection Period (ACP)
An interest ratio discovered by way of the variety of days in a yr (365) divided by means of AR
turnover.
Balance Sheet Forecasting
Using income increase and the income forecast to construct a seasoned forma balance sheet to
recognize the future implications of the sources and uses of budget.
,Banks and Credit Unions
Receive deposits and increase loans to individuals and agencies.
Benchmarking
The method of finishing a monetary evaluation to examine a firm's monetary performance to that
of other similar companies.
Beta
A variable that describes how the rate of a safety varies with the marketplace.
Bid-ask Spread
The distinction among the bid and ask charges that compensate the expert for the risk that he or
she bears for willingness to offer liquidity.
Board of Directors
A organization of individuals who at the same time supervise the sports of an agency.
Bond Indenture
A prison agreement that governs the connection between a firm and its bondholders.
Bondholders
A man or woman who loans a company cash by means of shopping for debt securities.
Business Finance
An place of finance that deals with sources of investment, the capital structure of businesses,
the actions that managers take to growth the fee of the company to its owners, and the gear and
analysis used to allocate economic sources.
Cannibalization
The discount in income of a organization's personal merchandise because of advent of another
comparable product.
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
A version used to determine the threat-return courting for an asset.
, Capital Budgeting Criteria
Metrics and calculations used to decide whether or not a venture or asset will add fee and be a
worthwhile investment.
Capital Budgeting
The method of assessment and planning for purchases of lengthy-term assets.
Capital Investment
The amount of cash invested in a commercial enterprise to purchase long-time period assets to
in addition its goal of maximizing owner wealth.
Capital Markets
A kind of financial marketplace used for lengthy-time period property which might be held for
extra than 12 months.
Capital Structure
The aggregate of debt and equity used to finance a firm.
Capital
A financial asset that may be utilized by a firm or character. Examples of capital can be
equipment or cash held by way of a firm.
Capital-restrained Environment
When a constrained quantity of funds are available.
Cash Budgets
A plan for controlling cash inflows and outflows business to stability profits with costs.
Cash Management
Managing the day-to-day finance operations of a company.
Central Banks
Ensure that a nation's economy stays wholesome by controlling the quantity of money
circulating inside the financial system.
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