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STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY ED 16 PATTON CH 16 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY ED 16 PATTON CH 16 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THEBODY ED 16 PATTON CH 16 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
nutrients undergo three forms of processing in the body - ANSWER digestion, absorption, and
metabolism
alimentary canal - ANSWER digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
gastrointestinal (GI) tract - ANSWER refers only to the portion that includes the stomach and intestines
main organ mouth - ANSWER accessory teeth and tongue, salivary glands - parotid, submandibular,
sublingual
main organ pharynx - ANSWER accessory tonsils
esophagus - ANSWER main organ
stomach - ANSWER main organ
main organ small intestine - ANSWER duodenum, jejunum, ileum; accessory liver, gallbladder, pancreas
main organ large intestines - ANSWER cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal; accessory vermiform appendix
colon - ANSWER ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
ingestion - ANSWER intake of food
digestion - ANSWER group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones, facilitating their
absorption
, mechanical digestion - ANSWER Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion - ANSWER breaks molecules apart
motility - ANSWER movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube, including processes or
mechanical digestion; peristalsis and segmentation
secretion - ANSWER release of digestive juices (enzymes, acids, bases, mucus, bile); some digestive
organs also secrete endocrine hormones that regulate digestion of metabolism of nutrients
absoption - ANSWER movement of digested nutrients through the GI mucosa and into the internal
environment
elimination - ANSWER excretion of the residues of the digestive process (feces) from the rectum, through
the anus
regulation - ANSWER coordination of digestive activity (motility, secretion, other digestive processes)
lumen - ANSWER hollow space within the digestive tube
four layers of digestive tube - ANSWER mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
mucosa - ANSWER esophagus - stratified epithelium; rest of alimentary tract is simple columnar
epithelium; produces mucus
submucosa - ANSWER connective tissue layer that lies just below the mucosa; contains many blood
vessels and nerves
muscularis - ANSWER two or three layers of muscle tissue for motility
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