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NR283-PATHO FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).

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nr283 patho final exam review
what are some examples of the first line of defens
what is a part of the specific defense system a
what is specific defense adaptive ans uniquel

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NR283-PATHO FINAL EXAM REVIEW
what are some examples of the first line of defense - ANS nonspecific defense, mechanical
barrier, unbroken skin and mucous membrane, secretions such as gastric juice and tears

What is a part of the specific defense system - ANS T-cells

what is specific defense (adaptive) - ANS uniquely tailored responses to specific pathogens
based on antigen identifications

What is nonspecific defense(innate)? - ANS response is the same to any challenge
encountered

Resolvins - ANS inflammatory response to stay longer

What is the chance percentage of children who will get Marfan's Syndrome? - ANS 50%- it is
autosomal dominant

Examples of Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANS cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, tay sachs

Down syndrome - ANS it is a triple in the 21st chromosome, it is a chromosomal disorder, also
called trisomy

Examples of Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ANS Huntington chorea, marfan syndrome,
polycystic kidney disease

X-linked dominant - ANS fragile x syndrome

X-linked recessive - ANS only affects males, hemophilia A, color blindness, duchenne muscular
dystrophy

What occurs when one is born with only 1 X chromosome - ANS Monosomy X AKA turner
syndrome

what type of disease is sickle cell anemia - ANS autosomal recessive

Characteristics of down syndrome - ANS Small head, round face, flat facial profile.
Slanted eyes and epicanthic fold.
Large tongue, high-arched palate.
Small hands, single palmar crease.
Short stature, wide nose

,Muscles tend to be hypotonic, loose joints.
Delayed developmental stages.
Cognitive impairment ranges from mild to major.
Delayed or incomplete sexual development.
Males infertile.
Females have a lower rate of conception.

What is a macule - ANS a flat lesion that differs in color from surrounding skin (<1 cm in
diameter)

what is urticaria - ANS hives d/t allergic reaction. Raised welts

What causes painful blisters along the spinal nerve root, also burning - ANS shingles

example of an autoimmune disorder - ANS lupus

What are the different stages of pressure ulcers - ANS 1.) Change in skin color 2.) damage to
the top layer of skin 3.) deep damage and goes down to the adipose layer 4.) Severe damage
down to the muscle and the bone

Cells vary in size and shape - ANS dysplasia

Different mitotic cells that are at different mature stages... resp tract of smoker - ANS
Metaplasia

Finding in a pap smear that usually indicates cancer - ANS dysplasia

What is an increase in the size of the cells - ANS hypertrophy

what is an increase in the number of cells - ANS hyperplasia

What is tertiary prevention - ANS Rehabilitative therapies and monitoring of health to prevent
complications or further illness, injury, or disability

Best ways to cope with stress - ANS meditation, rest, healthy diet, exercise, music, deep
breathing

Complications of chronic stress - ANS hypertension, hyperglycemia, depression, heart disease,
weak immune system, type II diabetes

What is it called when colon cancer spreads to liver - ANS metastasis

Active vs Passive Immunity - ANS Active = individual has memory cells - can make their own
antibodies & provides long term immunity

, Passive = person given antibodies, these work then die, no long term immunity, no memory
cells.

Natural Active Immunity - ANS production of one's own antibodies or T cells as a result of
infection or natural exposure to antigen

Natural Passive Immunity - ANS acquired by a child through placenta and breast milk

artificial active immunity - ANS vaccination

Artificial passive immunity - ANS immunity which results from the administration of antibodies
from
another animal against a dangerous pathogen.

What does anorexia mean - ANS loss of appetite

Signs of local inflammation - ANS swelling, redness, heat, pain, inflammation

Mediators released in the inflammatory response - ANS histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinin
(injured cells, pain receptors), leukotrienes

Chronic vs acute inflammation - ANS Chronic: persistent destruction and repair (monocytes);
Acute: neutrophil, eosinophil, antibody mediated

Classification of burns - ANS superficial, superficial partial thickness, deep partial thickness, full
thickness

What is hypersensitivity type II - ANS tissue specific, cytotoxic, or cytolytic hypersensitivity

occurs when antibodies attack antigens on surface of specific cells or tissues; causing lysis

Ex: Transfusion reaction; hemolytic disease of newborn

What immunoglobulin is involved in Type I hypersensitivities - ANS IgE(mast cells and
histamine). causes for immediate release

What makes genetic test appropriate - ANS when there is family history of the disease

What is programmed cell death called - ANS apoptosis

Characteristics of malignant tumors - ANS 1. Rapid Growth
2. Not Encapsulated
3. Invasive
4. Poorly Differentiated Anaplasia

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