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AP Psych Unit 8 questions with right answers.
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AP Psych Unit 8 questions with rightanswers.
Module 37: Motivational Concepts ANS -
motivation ANS - a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Four perspectives for viewing motivated behaviors ANS - Instinct theory (now replaced by the
evolutionary perspective)
Drive-Reduction theory
Arousal theory
hierarchy of needs
instinct theory (evolutionary perspective) ANS - focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors
drive-reduction theory ANS - physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that
motivates an organism to satisfy that need
- the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an
organism to satisfy the need
• For the most part, when a physiological need increases, so does a physiological drive (aroused,
motivated state)
arousal theory ANS - focuses on finding the right level of stimulation
hierarchy of needs ANS - (Abraham Maslow) describes how some of our needs take priority of others
instinct ANS - a complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species
, homeostasis ANS - a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state→ the regulation of any
aspect of body chemistry around a particular level
• Ex: body's temperature regulation system→ if our body temperature cools, blood vessels constrict to
conserve warmth, and we feel driven to put on more clothes or seek a warmer environment
incentive ANS - a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior (either lures or
repels us)
optimum arousal theory ANS - some motivated behaviors actually increase arousal
o Human arousal seeks not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels of arousal→ having all our
biological needs satisfied, we feel driven to experience stimulation and hunger for information
Yerkes-Dodson theory ANS - the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a certain
point, beyond which performance decreases (moderate arousal would lead to optimal performance)
• Ex: when taking a test, it pays to be moderately aroused—alert but not trembling with nervousness
Maslow's hierarchy of needs ANS - Maslow's pyramid of human needs
1. physiological needs (food, water)
2. safety
3. psychological needs become active (belongingness, love)
4. actualize one's full potential (self-actualization)
5. Last possible step may be self-transcendence (meaning, purpose, and communion that are beyond
the self and transpersonal)
Module 38: Hunger Motivation ANS -
glucose ANS - the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for
body tissues→ when its level is low, we feel hunger
arcuate nucleus ANS - One neural arc in hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus) has a center that secretes
appetite-stimulating hormones and another center that secretes appetite suppressing hormones
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