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NUR 221 Exam 2 Latest Update ALL ARE CORRECT ANSWERS (each containing 180 questions and correct
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NUR 221 Exam 2 Latest Update ALL ARE CORRECT ANSWERS (each containing 180 questions and correct
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8/31/24, 1:51 PMNUR 221 Exam 2
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (219)
**Spinal Cord Disorders and Drugs for **Spinal Cord Disorders and Drugs for Spasticity**
Spasticity**
the ______ is protected by the vertebral spinal cord
column, meninges, and CSF
The _________ is continuous with the medulla spinal cord
oblongata and ends at lumbar 1
_ _ matter (inner) is made up of nerve cell gray
bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons
the ventral horn (anterior) of gray matter is motor neuron cell bodies
made up of
the dorsal horn (posterior) of gray matter is interneurons, dorsal root ganglion
made up of
the lateral horns of gray matter are made up visceral motor neurons
of
_ ________ is composed of spinal cord white matter
tracts and myelinated fibers
white matter contains ____________ and efferent/motor, afferent/sensory
_ ___________ fibers
there are __ pairs of spinal nerves named by 31
location in the vertebral column
a dermatome is.. area of skin innervated by the dorsal roots of a single spinal segment
sensory stimulus -> receptor to synapse via afferent fiber -> efferent impulse from brain
how do reflex reactions occur?
or spinal cord to remove stimulus
what are the two main actions of the motor, sensory, and involuntary action through the sympathetic and parasympathetic
autonomic nervous system? nervous systems, homeostasis via pre and post ganglionic fibers
_ _________ effects preganglionic receptors acetylcholine
for the sympathetic nervous system
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_ _________ effects postganglionic norepinephrine
receptors for the sympathetic nervous
system
what spinal cord segment does the T1-L2
sympathetic nervous system initiate from?
what spinal cord segment does the sacral spinal nerves, brain stem
parasympathetic nervous system initiate
from?
_ _________ effect both presynaptic and acetylcholine
postsynaptic receptors for the
parasympathetic nervous system
what are the two types of receptors in the nicotinic and muscarinic
parasympathetic nervous system?
the somatic nervous system is responsible receiving sensation, sending motor impulses to skeletal muscles, voluntary movement
for...
1. motorcycle/automobile accident
what are the top 3 causes of spinal cord
2. sports, diving, football
injury?
3. falls (mostly elderly)
what are the most common spinal cord hyperextension, hyperflexion, compression fractures
injuries?
dislocation and loss of alignment of vertebrae causing compression or stretching of the
hyperextension/hyperflexion can cause...
spinal cord
compression fractures happen when... force is applied to the top of skull, tail bone, or bottom of feet
compression fractures of the spine cause sharp bone is compressed and protrudes putting pressure against the cord which can
spinal cord injury because... cause injury to nerve fibers and blood vessels
1. simple
what are the 4 classifications of vertebral 2. compression
fractures? 3. wedge
4. dislocation
1. hemorrhage in central gray matter
2. edema in white matter
what are the 4 stages of spinal cord injury?
3. impaired cord circulation
4. decreased perfusion and increased ischemia
maximum damage of spinal cord injury at the level of the injury AND several cord segments above and below the injury
occurs...
if spinal cord injury occurs at the cervical breathing
level the biggest concern is...
Nerves in the spinal cord do not undergo axonal
mitosis, but ______ regrowth may occur
what occurs in the initial phase of spinal all neurological activity ceases around the level of injury, no reflexes, hypotension,
shock? bradycardia, flaccid paralysis and sensory loss below injury
what occurs in the initial phase of spinal Vasomotor tone, BP, diaphoresis, and temperature control, bowel and bladder
shock in cervical injury? emptying leading to urinary retention and paralytic ileus
what occurs in the recovery phase of spinal inflammation subsides, extent of damage is revealed, reflex activity returns
shock? (hyperreflexia), no voluntary or sensory impulses,
tetraplegia (quadraplegia) occurs with T-2
NURabove
injuries 221___
Exam 2
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