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BIO 669 Quiz 1 Fall 2024 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS $13.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

BIO 669 Quiz 1 Fall 2024 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS

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BIO 669 Quiz 1 Fall 2024 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS

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  • August 31, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BIO 669
  • BIO 669
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BIO 669 Quiz 1 Fall 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What are the two most important intracellular buffers? - Answer-phosphate/proteins

Thirst prompts fluid intake through action of ________ located in the __________. -
Answer-osmoreceptors/hypothalamus

Fluid distribution - Answer-Movement of fluids within the body

Composition of fluids - Answer-The electrolytes present in fluids

Electrolytes - Answer-Key ions that affect cell function

Extracellular ion - Answer-Ion present outside the cell

Retention of water - Answer-The effect of Na+ on overall fluid volume

Intracellular ion - Answer-Ion present inside the cell

Membrane potential - Answer-The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane

Repolarizing/hyperpolarizing - Answer-Restoring or increasing the membrane potential

Hydrogen ion - Answer-Critical for control of pH and protein structure

Buffers - Answer-Substances that help maintain pH balance

Anionic proteins - Answer-Proteins with a negative charge

Hemoglobin - Answer-Protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells

Carbonic acid - Answer-Formed from the conversion of H+ and bicarbonate

Respiratory system - Answer-Involved in control of pH in the plasma

Immune system - Answer-Comprised of innate and adaptive responses

Innate response - Answer-Immediate response to damage, infection, or foreign bodies

Granulocytes - Answer-Type of white blood cells involved in innate response

, Monocytes/macrophages - Answer-Type of white blood cells involved in innate
response

NK cells - Answer-Type of white blood cells involved in innate response

Plasma proteins - Answer-Proteins involved in innate response

Inflammation - Answer-Response to damage, infection, or foreign bodies

Signaling molecules - Answer-Molecules involved in immune response

Adaptive response - Answer-Slower response that identifies specific targets and
develops memory

Innate immunity - Answer-First line of defense, physical and biochemical barriers

Physical barriers - Answer-Skin, linings of gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory
tracts

Sloughing off of cells - Answer-Shedding of cells as a defense mechanism

Coughing and sneezing - Answer-Expelling foreign particles through airways

Flushing - Answer-Elimination of waste through urine

Vomiting - Answer-Expelling harmful substances through the digestive system

Mucus and cilia - Answer-Protective substances and hair-like structures in respiratory
tract

Epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers - Answer-Saliva, tears, earwax, sweat, and
mucus with antimicrobial peptides

Normal microbiome - Answer-Unique colonization of bacteria and fungi in specific
locations

Inflammatory response - Answer-Nonspecific immune response to injury, characterized
by redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function

Increased vascular permeability and leakage - Answer-Expansion of blood vessels and
release of fluid and cells into tissues

Vascular responses - Answer-Blood vessel dilation and increased blood flow

Inflammation goals - Answer-Prevent infection, initiate adaptive immune response,
initiate healing, limit and control inflammation

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