BIO 669 RENAL STRUCTURE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Renal Fascia - Answer-Fatty layer (can be damaged with extreme fat loss)
Cortex - Answer-Outer portion of the kidney that contains the glomeruli and beginning of
the nephrons
Medulla - Answer-Inner layer that contains the renal pyramids
Loop of Henle and Vasorecta - Answer-Allows for concentration of the urine
Renal Pyramids - Answer-Triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney
and contains the papilla (where fluid and urine will leak and drip out of)
Cortical Nephrons - Answer-Least extending into the medulla (make up 85% of
nephrons)
Juxtamedullary Nephrons - Answer-Extend the furthest - the way humans are able to
preserve water when dehydrated
Bowmans Capsule - Answer-Covers the glomerulus and helps to capture fluid that leaks
out of the glomerulus
Principle Cells - Answer-Reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+ in distal tubule (help to reabsorb
sodium and get rid of potassium - they are sensitive to Aldosterone!)
Intercalated Cells - Answer-Secrete H+ and reabsorb K+ and HCO3- (involved in acid-
base balance)
Afferent Arterioles - Answer-Contain Juxtaglomerular cells which secrete the hormone
renin (and are very sensitive to changes in VOLUME and PRESSURE!!!)
Macula Densa - Answer-Sensitive to SODIUM levels (so if Na+ increases in
concentration - the flow rate will increase)
Distal Convoluted Tubules - Answer-Distal convoluted tubule contains more diluted (100
mOsm) plasma vs at the proximal convoluted tubule (300 mOsm)
Leaves the urine more diluted
Distal Convoluted Tubules and Collecting Ducts are very sensitive to: - Answer-ADH
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Renal Fascia - Answer-Fatty layer (can be damaged with extreme fat loss)
Cortex - Answer-Outer portion of the kidney that contains the glomeruli and beginning of
the nephrons
Medulla - Answer-Inner layer that contains the renal pyramids
Loop of Henle and Vasorecta - Answer-Allows for concentration of the urine
Renal Pyramids - Answer-Triangular-shaped areas of tissue in the medulla of the kidney
and contains the papilla (where fluid and urine will leak and drip out of)
Cortical Nephrons - Answer-Least extending into the medulla (make up 85% of
nephrons)
Juxtamedullary Nephrons - Answer-Extend the furthest - the way humans are able to
preserve water when dehydrated
Bowmans Capsule - Answer-Covers the glomerulus and helps to capture fluid that leaks
out of the glomerulus
Principle Cells - Answer-Reabsorb Na+ and secrete K+ in distal tubule (help to reabsorb
sodium and get rid of potassium - they are sensitive to Aldosterone!)
Intercalated Cells - Answer-Secrete H+ and reabsorb K+ and HCO3- (involved in acid-
base balance)
Afferent Arterioles - Answer-Contain Juxtaglomerular cells which secrete the hormone
renin (and are very sensitive to changes in VOLUME and PRESSURE!!!)
Macula Densa - Answer-Sensitive to SODIUM levels (so if Na+ increases in
concentration - the flow rate will increase)
Distal Convoluted Tubules - Answer-Distal convoluted tubule contains more diluted (100
mOsm) plasma vs at the proximal convoluted tubule (300 mOsm)
Leaves the urine more diluted
Distal Convoluted Tubules and Collecting Ducts are very sensitive to: - Answer-ADH
