Exam (elaborations)
BIO 669 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ Q&A
- Course
- Institution
BIO 669 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ Q&A
[Show more]
Content preview
BIO 669 STUDY GUIDE QUIZ Q&AVaricose veins - answer-vein in which blood has pooled producing distended, tortous,
palpable vesseks
-caused by trauma or gradual vein distention
Risk factors-female, family hx, fat, pregnant, dvt, prior leg injury
Chronic venous insufficiency - answer-inadequate venous return over a long period due
to varicose veins or valvular incompetence
-can lead to venous stasis ulcer
Thrombus formation - answer-obstruction of venous flow leading to increased venous
pressure
-3 factors (triad of virchow) promote thrombosis=
1)venous stasis 2)venous endothelial damage
3)hypercoaguable states
-usually occurs in lower extremities & is asymptomatic
Superior vena cava syndrome - answer-progressive occlusion of svc that leads to
venous distention in upper extremities & head
-causes=tumors of lymphatics or bronchus
-a low pressure vessel
Htn - answer-consistent elevation of systemic arterial bp
-systolic >140
-diastolic > 90
Primary htn - answer-most common, aka essential or idiopathic
-genetic & environmental factors
-sns causes increased hr & vasoconstriction which increase bp
-overactive raas causes na & water retention, increased vascular resistance, insulin
resistance & platelet aggregation
-decreased renal excretion of salt=pressure-natriuresis relationship
Secondary htn - answer-caused my systemic disease process that raises peripheral
vascular resistance or cardiac output
Examples=renal disease, adrenocorticoid tumors, adrenamedullary tumors, or drugs
Complicated htn - answer-chronic damage to blood vessels & tissues leading to target
organ damage in heart, kidneys, brain, & eyes
Malignant htn - answer-htn crisis
-rapidly progressing htn when diastolic is >140
-will cause cerebral encephalopathy & life threatening organ damage if not fixed
Tx of htn - answer-loop or thiazide diuretics, ace or arb inhibitors, ca channel blockers
, -no longer beta blockers b/c they have a higher rate of stroke than those drugs
Orthostatic hypotension - answer-decrease in systolic & distolic bp among standing up
-lack normal bp compensation in response to gravitational changes on the circulation
Acute & chronic orthostatic hypotension - answer-acute=elderly at increased risk b/d
decreased thrist mechanisms. Causes=drugs, prolonged immoblilty, starvation,
exhaustion, dehydration/volume depletion, venous pooling
Chronic-causes=dm, endocrine d/o, metabolic d/o, cns or pns d/o, cerebral infarcts,
parkinsons, autonomic neuropathy=most common cause
Aneurysm - answer-localized dilation or outpouching of a vessel wall or cardiac
chamber
-can be thoracic or abdominal or can occur in cerebral circle of willis
-most common=abdominal
Causes=atherosclerosis or htn
-can lead to aortic dissection or rupture
True aneurysm - answer-involves all 3 layers of wall
-weakening of vessel wall
-can be fisuform or circumferential (circular) or saccular (spherical)
False aneurysm - answer-extravascular hematoma (outside of vessel) that penetrates &
communicated w/intravascular space
Thrombus formation - answer-blood clot that remains attached to the vessel wall
-risk factors=injury/inflammation, obstruction of flow, stasis/pooling
Can have arterial or venous thrombus
Embolism - answer-obstruction of blood flow by a blous of matter circulating in the
bloodstream
-can be dislodged thrombus, air bubble, fat embolism, bacteria, ca cell, or foreign
substance
Thromboangitis obliterans (buergers disease) - answer-inflammatory disease of
peripheral arteries
-strongly associated w/smoking
-formation of thrombi filled w/immune & inflammatory cells
-overtime thrombi become organized & fibrotic leading to permanent occlusion &
obliteration of portions of small & medium sized arteries of feet & hands
-autoimmune d/o
Raynaud phenomenon - answer-episodic vasospasm attacks in small arteries of fingers
& toes
Primary-unknown cause
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller biggdreamer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now