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BCH4024 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CERTIFIED ANSWERS

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BCH4024 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CERTIFIED ANSWERS Transfer RNA (tRNA) secondary structure: - Answer-tRNA "reads" genes information encoded in mRNA (3 nucleotide codon) copied from DNA What does tRNA transfer during protein synthesis - Answer-the appropriate amino acid to a growing polypeptide ch...

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  • August 31, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BCH4024 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CERTIFIED ANSWERS
Transfer RNA (tRNA) secondary structure: - Answer-tRNA "reads" genes information
encoded in mRNA (3 nucleotide codon) copied from DNA

What does tRNA transfer during protein synthesis - Answer-the appropriate amino acid
to a growing polypeptide chain

Transcription creates a: - Answer-complementary RNA copy (mRNA) of a sequence of
DNA

Translation steps: - Answer-mRNA decoded by ribosomes and tRNA is used to produce
a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein

Phenotype of an organism is determined by: - Answer-proteins

What defines function by interaction? - Answer-the three dimensional structure of
proteins

what defines the type of amino acid? - Answer-side chain

what kind of molecule are amino acids - Answer-ampholytic molecule (contains both
acidic and basic groups)

Charge of an amino acid is dependent on: - Answer-the pH of a solution

What happens to the net charge of an amino acid as you increase the pH - Answer-net
charge decreases

Which of the 20 common amino acids is achiral? - Answer-Glycine

Isoelectric point - Answer-pI=pH, average charge equals zero.

two equilibrium dissociation reactions w/ isoelectric points - Answer-HAH+ ----> HA + H
HA ----> A- + H+

pI formula if no ionizable side chain - Answer-pI = ¹/₂ (pK₁ + pK₂)

simplest amino acid? - Answer-glycine

Ways to classify amino acids based on properties: - Answer--size/shapes
-charges

,-polarity
-hydrophilic/phobic
-aromaticity (stacking interactions)
-conformation (determined by side chain)
-propensity to adopt a particular conformation in proteins (combo of all above)

what determines conformation of an amino acid - Answer-the side chain

Encoded proteins have which configuration, and what is a way to remember it? -
Answer-L configuration; can be remembered as the CORN law.

Which proteins tend to cluster together on the inside of proteins? And what happens -
Answer-Ala, Val, Ile, Leu. Clustering together stabilizes the protein structure, via
hydrophobic interactions.

AA's with nonpolar, aliphatic R groups - Answer-Glycine
Alanine
Proline
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
methionone

AA's with aromatic R groups - Answer-Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine

hydroxyl group of ____ can form hydrogen bonds and play important role in enzymes -
Answer-Tyrosine, Tyr, Y

AA's with polar, uncharged R groups - Answer-Serine, Threonine, Cysteine,
Asparagine, Glutamine.

Disulfide bond example - Answer-cystine

How does cystine happen? and through which bond - Answer-when pairs of cysteines
oxidize to form cystine through a disulfide bond.

Cystine features: p/np? hydrophilic/phobic? - Answer-nonpolar/hydrophobic

AA's with positively charged R groups - Answer-Lysine, Arginine, Histidine

Histine: - Answer-only amino acid with ionizable side chain that has a pka near
neutrality. Therefore, His can serve as a proton donor or acceptor in many enzyme-
catalyzed reactions.

, The most hydrophilic R groups are: - Answer-either positively or negatively charged.

AA's with negatively charged R groups: - Answer-Aspartate, Glutamate (neg charge as
pH 7)

Characterization of Biomolecules by Light
Absorption Using a Spectrophotometer - Answer-Detect the presence of particular
biomolecules and estimate concentration

Which amino acids have a characteristic UV absorbance? - Answer-the aromatic ones;
tyrosine, tryptophan > phenylalanine

General pKa's on amino acids
Carboxyl ≈ ?
Amino ≈ ? - Answer-carboxyl ~ 2.2
amino ~ 9.6

Human diets must include adequate amounts of nine amino acids, which ones? WTF
Very Hot MILK - Answer-WTF= Tryptophan, Threonine, Phenylalanine
VH= Valine, Histidine
MILK= methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine

Cysteine can meet the needs for: - Answer-methionine (both contain sulfur)

tyrosine can partially substitute for: - Answer-phenylanaline

conditionally essential amino acids for dietary needs: - Answer-arginine, cysteine,
glutamine, glycine, tyrosine
(not necessarily required)

most common amino acid - Answer-leucine

least common amino aid - Answer-tryptophan

Alanine - Answer-hydrophobic

Arginine - Answer-free amino group makes it basic and hydrophilic

Asparagine - Answer-carbohydrate, can be covalently linked to its -NH

Aspartic acid - Answer-free carboxyl group makes it acidic and hydrophilic

Cysteine - Answer-oxidation of their -SH groups link 2 Cys (S-S)

Glutamic Acid - Answer-free carboxyl group makes it acidic and hydrophilic

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